Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso para la mejora de la adherencia terapéutica en hipertensión arterial: un diseño de caso único
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2017-06-19
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] La hipertensión arterial se define como una elevación crónica de los niveles de
presión arterial, superiores a 140/90 mmHg. En España tiene una prevalencia
aproximada del 35%, y está prevista que aumente en los próximos años. Es considerada
el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular y renal,
aumentando la mortalidad y comorbilidad asociada. El principal responsable del fracaso
en el control de la presión arterial es la falta de adherencia terapéutica. De forma
reciente ha comenzado a ser abordada desde ACT y mindfulness. Estas Terapias de
Tercera Generación, que ya han demostrado éxito en otros problemas de salud, pueden
ofrecer una alternativa a las intervenciones propuestas hasta la fecha. Por ello, en este
estudio se plantea una intervención breve de ACT con elementos de mindfulness para la
mejora de la adherencia terapéutica en un caso de hipertensión arterial. Se llevó a cabo
un diseño de caso único de tipo AB con aleatorización del cambio de fase. Los
resultados, aunque no alcanzan los niveles de significación, muestran aumento en el
control de la dieta y realización de ejercicio físico; y disminución de la presión arterial,
evitación experiencial y afectividad negativa. Es necesario llevar a cabo más
investigaciones en esta línea que apoyen los resultados encontrados.
[EN] Hypertension is defined as a chronic elevation of blood pressure levels above 140/90 mmHg. In Spain it has a prevalence of approximately 35%, and is expected to increase in the coming years. It is considered the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and renal disease, increasing mortality and associated comorbidity.The main reason for failure in blood pressure control is the lack of therapeutic adherence. Recently it has begun to be approached from ACT and mindfulness. These Third Wave Therapies, which have already shown success in other health problems, may offer an alternative to the interventions proposed to date. Therefore, in this study we propose a brief intervention of ACT with elements of mindfulness for the improvement of therapeutic adherence in a case of hypertension.A single case design of type AB with randomization of the phase change was carried out. The results, although they do not reach the levels of signification, show increase in the control of the diet and physical exercise; and decline of blood pressure, experiential avoidance and negative affectivity. It is necessary to carry out more research in this line that supports the results found.
[EN] Hypertension is defined as a chronic elevation of blood pressure levels above 140/90 mmHg. In Spain it has a prevalence of approximately 35%, and is expected to increase in the coming years. It is considered the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and renal disease, increasing mortality and associated comorbidity.The main reason for failure in blood pressure control is the lack of therapeutic adherence. Recently it has begun to be approached from ACT and mindfulness. These Third Wave Therapies, which have already shown success in other health problems, may offer an alternative to the interventions proposed to date. Therefore, in this study we propose a brief intervention of ACT with elements of mindfulness for the improvement of therapeutic adherence in a case of hypertension.A single case design of type AB with randomization of the phase change was carried out. The results, although they do not reach the levels of signification, show increase in the control of the diet and physical exercise; and decline of blood pressure, experiential avoidance and negative affectivity. It is necessary to carry out more research in this line that supports the results found.