Victimización y acoso LGBTQ+fóbico
Fecha
2019-06-20
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES]La Diversidad Afectivo-Sexual (DAS en adelante) es una realidad que aún no está aceptada
en muchos contextos. En concreto, en el ámbito escolar, los estudios señalan una alta prevalencia
de acoso y victimización dirigido hacia las minorías sexuales, sean éstas por orientación, identidad
o expresión sexual y de género, con importantes consecuencias negativas no sólo en las víctimas
sino también en quiénes perpetran estas agresiones y en quiénes las observan. No obstante, existen
aún pocos estudios dirigidos a evaluar este tipo de victimización, existiendo, además, una amplia
disparidad conceptual y metodológica en ellos. Por tanto, se requieren estudios dirigidos a
analizar este fenómeno, el acoso LGBTQ+fóbico, en toda su complejidad. El objetivo de este
estudio fue avanzar en el conocimiento de la relación entre la victimización y acoso
LGBTQ+fóbico. La muestra estuvo formada por 2387 personas con distintas orientaciones e
identidades de género (39,5% heterosexuales, 24,7% homosexuales, 21,6% bisexuales, 6%
questioning y 5,3% trans* de entre 18 y 76 años (M=21,36 años y DT=7,02). Los resultados
muestran una importante prevalencia de victimización y acoso LGBTQ+fóbico. En concreto, tanto
la victimización como la cibervictimización en el momento actual y retrospectivo, así como la
percepción de la inseguridad en el centro escolar fueron significativamente mayores en personas
que pertenecen a alguna minoría sexual, destacando la mayor victimización en personas trans*.
Adicionalmente, se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de HI interiorizada en
función de la DAS, obteniendo las personas questioning unos niveles superiores al resto. Además,
los resultados muestran que dicha victimización no se limita a agresiones homofóbicas sino que
va más allá sufriendo las víctimas, frecuentemente, diversos tipos de agresiones.
Palabras clave: acoso LGBTQ+fóbico, diversidad afectivo sexual, victimización,
homofobia.
[EN]The Affective-Sexual Diversity (DAS hereafter) is a reality that is not yet accepted in many contexts. Specifically, in the school setting, the studies point to a high prevalence of harassment and victimization directed towards sexual minorities, whether by orientation, identity or sexual and gender expression, with important negative consequences not only on the victims but also on whom perpetrate these aggressions and in those who observe them. However, there are still few studies aimed at evaluating this type of victimization, and there is also a wide conceptual and methodological disparity in them. Therefore, studies aimed at analyzing this phenomenon, LGBTQ + phobic harassment, in all its complexity, are required. The objective of this study was to advance in the knowledge of the relationship between victimization and LGBTQ + phobic harassment. The sample consisted of 2387 people with different orientations and gender identities (39.5% heterosexuals, 24.7% homosexuals, 21.6% bisexuals, 6% questioning and 5.3% trans * between 18 and 76 years old ( M = 21.36 years and SD = 7.02) The results show an important prevalence of LGBTQ + phobic victimization and harassment, in particular, both victimization and cybervictimization at the current and retrospective time, as well as the perception of the Insecurity in the school was significantly greater in people belonging to some sexual minority, highlighting the greater victimization in trans people. * Additionally, significant differences were found in the HI levels internalized according to the DAS, obtaining the persons questioning some levels In addition, the results show that this victimization is not limited to homophobic attacks but goes beyond suffering the victims, frequently, various types of aggressions. Keywords: LGBTQ + phobic bullying, sexual affective diversity, victimization, homophobia.
[EN]The Affective-Sexual Diversity (DAS hereafter) is a reality that is not yet accepted in many contexts. Specifically, in the school setting, the studies point to a high prevalence of harassment and victimization directed towards sexual minorities, whether by orientation, identity or sexual and gender expression, with important negative consequences not only on the victims but also on whom perpetrate these aggressions and in those who observe them. However, there are still few studies aimed at evaluating this type of victimization, and there is also a wide conceptual and methodological disparity in them. Therefore, studies aimed at analyzing this phenomenon, LGBTQ + phobic harassment, in all its complexity, are required. The objective of this study was to advance in the knowledge of the relationship between victimization and LGBTQ + phobic harassment. The sample consisted of 2387 people with different orientations and gender identities (39.5% heterosexuals, 24.7% homosexuals, 21.6% bisexuals, 6% questioning and 5.3% trans * between 18 and 76 years old ( M = 21.36 years and SD = 7.02) The results show an important prevalence of LGBTQ + phobic victimization and harassment, in particular, both victimization and cybervictimization at the current and retrospective time, as well as the perception of the Insecurity in the school was significantly greater in people belonging to some sexual minority, highlighting the greater victimization in trans people. * Additionally, significant differences were found in the HI levels internalized according to the DAS, obtaining the persons questioning some levels In addition, the results show that this victimization is not limited to homophobic attacks but goes beyond suffering the victims, frequently, various types of aggressions. Keywords: LGBTQ + phobic bullying, sexual affective diversity, victimization, homophobia.