Cambios encefálicos en personas consumidoras de cocaína. Revisión sistemática
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2022-12-15
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(ES) Este trabajo de revisión sistemática ha tenido como objetivo global analizar si se producen cambios
encefálicos en personas consumidoras de cocaína. En este sentido, además, determinar si hay
diferencias por sexo, estimar la relevancia de la edad de inicio de consumo y evaluar la posible
recuperación cerebral tras un periodo de abstinencia. Los resultados obtenidos tras la revisión
indican que, en efecto, se producen afectaciones cerebrales tras el consumo de cocaína. Además,
según el déficit pueden, o no, ser reversibles. Por otra parte, no hay datos que indiquen
diferencias según el sexo, pese a que la edad de inicio de la adicción, sí propicia un mayor déficit
en la persona. Es necesario seguir investigando en este tema a fin de concienciar a la población
sobre las consecuencias del consumo de cocaína y establecer nuevas áreas de tratamiento
enfocadas a la recuperación de las funciones afectadas y estructuras subyacentes.
(EN) The overall aim of this systematic review has been to analyse whether encephalic changes occur in cocaine users. In this sense, it also aimed to determine whether there are differences by sex, to estimate the relevance of the age at which cocaine use begins and to evaluate possible brain recovery after a period of abstinence. The results obtained after the review indicate that brain damage does indeed occur after cocaine use. Moreover, depending on the deficit, they may or may not be reversible. On the other hand, there are no data indicating differences according to sex, although the age of onset of addiction does lead to greater deficits in the individual. Further research is needed to raise awareness of the consequences of cocaine consume and to establish new areas of treatment focused on the recovery of affected functions and underlying structures.
(EN) The overall aim of this systematic review has been to analyse whether encephalic changes occur in cocaine users. In this sense, it also aimed to determine whether there are differences by sex, to estimate the relevance of the age at which cocaine use begins and to evaluate possible brain recovery after a period of abstinence. The results obtained after the review indicate that brain damage does indeed occur after cocaine use. Moreover, depending on the deficit, they may or may not be reversible. On the other hand, there are no data indicating differences according to sex, although the age of onset of addiction does lead to greater deficits in the individual. Further research is needed to raise awareness of the consequences of cocaine consume and to establish new areas of treatment focused on the recovery of affected functions and underlying structures.