Herramientas proteómicas para el análisis y diagnóstico molecular
Fecha
2021-07-07
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] La proteómica es una ciencia que estudia el proteoma, es decir, la totalidad de las proteínas que se expresan en una célula, tejido o cualquier organismo vivo. El estudio del proteoma se realiza mediante una serie de técnicas proteómicas que permiten la separación y análisis de las proteínas de la muestra que vamos a analizar. Las técnicas más utilizadas actualmente son la electroforesis en gel bidimensional (2D), la espectrometría de masas (MS), la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) y, por último, los microarrays de proteínas. Gracias al desarrollo de estas técnicas se ha podido realizar un estudio proteómico de casi todos los organismos vivos y en diferentes ámbitos. En el campo clínico y de salud ha demostrado tener una gran importancia por permitir una diferenciación de la expresión de ciertas proteínas en unas enfermedades y en otras, pudiéndose realizar un diagnóstico más claro. También, ha permitido la identificación de proteínas expresadas en distintos órganos animales y vegetales, y, en distintas etapas de su desarrollo. Igualmente, ha hecho posible los avances farmacéuticos pudiendo probar la eficacia del algún medicamento en microorganismos.
[EN] Proteomics is a science that studies the proteome, that is, all the proteins that are expressed in a cell, tissue or any living organism. The study of the proteome is carried out by means of a series of proteomic techniques that allow the separation of the proteins from the sample that we are going to analyze. The techniques most used today are two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry (MS), Shotgun technique (iTRAQ) and, finally, protein microarrays. Thanks to the development of these techniques, it has been possible to carry out a proteomic study of almost all living organisms and in different areas. In the clinical and health field it has proven to be of great importance because it allows a differentiation of the expression of certain proteins in some diseases and in others, being able to make a clearer diagnosis. Also, it has allowed the identification of proteins expressed in different animal and plant organs, and, in different stages such as their development, for longevity, etc. Likewise, it has favored pharmaceutical advances, being able to test the efficacy of a drug in microorganisms.
[EN] Proteomics is a science that studies the proteome, that is, all the proteins that are expressed in a cell, tissue or any living organism. The study of the proteome is carried out by means of a series of proteomic techniques that allow the separation of the proteins from the sample that we are going to analyze. The techniques most used today are two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry (MS), Shotgun technique (iTRAQ) and, finally, protein microarrays. Thanks to the development of these techniques, it has been possible to carry out a proteomic study of almost all living organisms and in different areas. In the clinical and health field it has proven to be of great importance because it allows a differentiation of the expression of certain proteins in some diseases and in others, being able to make a clearer diagnosis. Also, it has allowed the identification of proteins expressed in different animal and plant organs, and, in different stages such as their development, for longevity, etc. Likewise, it has favored pharmaceutical advances, being able to test the efficacy of a drug in microorganisms.