EFECTO AGUDO DIFERENCIAL DE DISTINTOS TIPOS DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA CON/SIN DEMANDA COGNITIVA, SOBRE VARIABLES DE RENDIMIENTO COGNITIVO Y CREATIVIDAD EN ESCOLARES ADOLESCENTES
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2017-07-05
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto agudo diferencial de distintos tipos de actividad física con
y sin demanda cognitiva en variables cognitivas como la atención, concentración, cálculo matemático, habilidad
lingüística, memoria y la creatividad. La muestra estaba formada por 183 adolescentes escolares (72 GC, 63
GE1y 48 GE2). El cálculo matemático, habilidad lingüística y la memoria, se evaluaron mediante pruebas de
elaboración propia. Para la atención y concentración se usó el test D2 y para la creatividad el test CREA. Los
resultados mostraron una relación positiva entre la práctica de actividad física aguda con demanda cognitiva y
las mejoras en las diferentes variables cognitivas y creatividad, menos en la concentración que no se vio
afectada por este tipo de actividad física. Sin embargo, en la actividad física aguda sin demanda cognitiva
también mostró buenos resultados en cuanto a las variables de cálculo matemático, habilidad lingüística y
creatividad. Por otro lado, se halló significatividad en la memoria y creatividad entre los grupos de estudio, así
como únicamente en la variable de cálculo matemático en la interacción de los grupos de estudio y el tiempo.
Del mismo modo, se encontró significatividad en todas las variables cognitivas en cuanto al tiempo, excepto en
la memoria y creatividad. Por tanto, estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la relevancia de incorporar una
demanda cognitiva durante la actividad física de las sesiones de Educación Física, ya que afecta positivamente
al alumnado en cuanto a su desarrollo y mejora cognitiva e incluso podría mejorar su rendimiento académico.
Palabras clave: actividad física, rendimiento cognitivo, educación física, demanda cognitiva, adolescentes.
[EN]The aim of the present study was to analyse the acute differential effect of different types of physical activity with and without cognitive demand in cognitive variables such as attention, concentration, mathematical calculus, linguistic ability, memory and creativity. The sample consisted of 183 school adolescents (72 CG, 63 GE1, and 48 GE2). Mathematical calculus, linguistic ability and memory were assessed using self-made tests. For the attention and concentration was used the test D2 and for the creativity CREA test. Results showed a positive relationship between the practice of acute physical activity with cognitive demand and the improvements in the different cognitive variables and creativity, less in the concentration that was not affected by this type of physical activity. However, in acute physical activity without cognitive demand, it also showed good results in terms of mathematical calculation, linguistic ability and creativity. On the other hand, we found significance in memory and creativity between study groups, as well as only in the variable of mathematical calculation at the interaction of study groups and time. Likewise, significance was found in all cognitive variables in terms of time, except in memory and creativity. Therefore, these results show the relevance of incorporating a cognitive demand during the physical activity of the physical education sessions, since it positively affects the students in terms of their development and cognitive improvement and could even improve their academic performance. Key words: physical activity, cognitive performance, physical education, cognitive demand, adolescents.
[EN]The aim of the present study was to analyse the acute differential effect of different types of physical activity with and without cognitive demand in cognitive variables such as attention, concentration, mathematical calculus, linguistic ability, memory and creativity. The sample consisted of 183 school adolescents (72 CG, 63 GE1, and 48 GE2). Mathematical calculus, linguistic ability and memory were assessed using self-made tests. For the attention and concentration was used the test D2 and for the creativity CREA test. Results showed a positive relationship between the practice of acute physical activity with cognitive demand and the improvements in the different cognitive variables and creativity, less in the concentration that was not affected by this type of physical activity. However, in acute physical activity without cognitive demand, it also showed good results in terms of mathematical calculation, linguistic ability and creativity. On the other hand, we found significance in memory and creativity between study groups, as well as only in the variable of mathematical calculation at the interaction of study groups and time. Likewise, significance was found in all cognitive variables in terms of time, except in memory and creativity. Therefore, these results show the relevance of incorporating a cognitive demand during the physical activity of the physical education sessions, since it positively affects the students in terms of their development and cognitive improvement and could even improve their academic performance. Key words: physical activity, cognitive performance, physical education, cognitive demand, adolescents.
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Educación Física y Educación para la Salud