Aflatoxinas B1 y M1: problemática y métodos de análisis para sus determinación en piensos y leche.
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2018-03-07
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Las micotoxinas son metabolitos secundarios derivados de hongos, principalmente de las especies Aspergillus, Penicillium y Fusarium. Dentro de este grupo de contaminantes se encuentran las aflatoxinas, entre las que destaca la aflatoxina 81 por su alta toxicidad. En el presente trabajo se han estudiado las características, toxicidad y relación entre dicha aflatoxina y la aflatoxina Ml, obtenida por biotransformación de aflatoxina 81 en el hígado de las vacas, así como la normativa sobre su contenido en piensos y leche.
Por otra parte, se han revisado las técnicas utilizadas usualmente para la extracción de ambas aflatoxinas, entre las que destacan la extracción sólido-líquido para la aflatoxina 81 en piensos y la extracción en fase sólida para la aflatoxina Ml en leche. En cuanto a las técnicas de determinación cuantitativa, se ha comprobado que las más frecuentes son la Cromatografía de Líquidos de Alta Resolución Acoplada a un Detector Fluorescente y los inmunoensayos enzimáticos.
[EN] Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites derived from fungi, mainly of the species Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Within this broad group of contaminants are aflatoxins, among which aflatoxin 81 stands out for its high toxicity. In the present work has been studied the characteristics, toxicity and connection between aflatoxin Bl and aflatoxin Ml, obtained from the biotransformation of aflatoxin 81 in the cows's liver, as well as the regulation on the content of both in feeds and milk. lt has been reviewed on the other side techniques of extraction of both aflatoxins which has been usually used, among which highlight solid-liquid extraction for the aflatoxin 81 in feed and solid phase extraction for the aflatoxin Ml in milk. In so far as of the techniques of quantitative determination for the analysis of both compounds, it has been cheked that the most frecuently are high resolution chromatography coupled to a fluorescent detector and enzyme linked immunosorbed assay.
[EN] Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites derived from fungi, mainly of the species Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Within this broad group of contaminants are aflatoxins, among which aflatoxin 81 stands out for its high toxicity. In the present work has been studied the characteristics, toxicity and connection between aflatoxin Bl and aflatoxin Ml, obtained from the biotransformation of aflatoxin 81 in the cows's liver, as well as the regulation on the content of both in feeds and milk. lt has been reviewed on the other side techniques of extraction of both aflatoxins which has been usually used, among which highlight solid-liquid extraction for the aflatoxin 81 in feed and solid phase extraction for the aflatoxin Ml in milk. In so far as of the techniques of quantitative determination for the analysis of both compounds, it has been cheked that the most frecuently are high resolution chromatography coupled to a fluorescent detector and enzyme linked immunosorbed assay.