Estrés y salud
Fecha
2014-06-26
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] El cerebro es el órgano clave para la respuesta de estrés. La respuesta ante un estrés moderado promueve la adaptación del individuo, mientras que un estrés muy intenso/agudo o un estrés crónico conlleva un deterioro del organismo. La respuesta al estrés está mediada por el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal y el eje Simpático-Adreno-Medular que, ante un estímulo estresante, desencadenan una serie de respuestas para mantener la homeostasis del organismo. Alteraciones en dichos ejes se han asociado a determinados trastornos psicológicos, tales como la depresión, y a otros problemas de salud, como los cardiovasculares, inmunológicos, gastrointestinales, etc. Así mismo, mientras que el estrés moderado tiene efectos positivos sobre la memoria emocional, el estrés agudo y/o el crónico ocasiona alteraciones en la memoria declarativa y de trabajo. El estrés se asocia también con conductas negativas para la salud relacionadas con las adicciones. Los psicólogos ejercen una labor importante en este ámbito ya que cuentan con las herramientas para ayudar a las personas a manejar las diversas situaciones estresantes y, con ello, evitar o mitigar los problemas de salud asociados.
[EN] The brain is the key organ for stress response. The response to moderate stress promotes adaptation of the individual, while a very intense / acute stress or chronic stress leads to a deterioration of the body. The stress response is mediated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-Adreno-medullary axis that trigger a series of responses to maintain homeostasis of the organism in response of stressful stimuli. Alterations in these axes have been associated with certain psychological disorders such as depression, and other health problems related with the cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, etc. systems. Also, while moderate stress has positive effects on emotional memory, acute stress and / or chronic causes changes in declarative memory and working. Stress is also associated with negative health behaviors related to addictions. Psychologists have an important work in this area as they have the tools to help people manage the various stressful situations and thereby avoid or mitigate the associated health problems.
[EN] The brain is the key organ for stress response. The response to moderate stress promotes adaptation of the individual, while a very intense / acute stress or chronic stress leads to a deterioration of the body. The stress response is mediated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-Adreno-medullary axis that trigger a series of responses to maintain homeostasis of the organism in response of stressful stimuli. Alterations in these axes have been associated with certain psychological disorders such as depression, and other health problems related with the cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, etc. systems. Also, while moderate stress has positive effects on emotional memory, acute stress and / or chronic causes changes in declarative memory and working. Stress is also associated with negative health behaviors related to addictions. Psychologists have an important work in this area as they have the tools to help people manage the various stressful situations and thereby avoid or mitigate the associated health problems.
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Psicología aplicada a los ámbitos clínico y de la salud