Propuesta de un programa de intervención psicológica con intervención asistida con perros para niños con TDAH
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2019-09-20
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]El presente trabajo busca arrojar información sobre terapia asistida con animales
(TAA) dentro de los tratamientos psicológicos en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención
con Hiperactividad (TDAH) infanto-juvenil. Actualmente, el TDAH es uno de los
trastornos de salud mental con mayor prevalencia, cuyo comienzo se sitúa en la infancia
aunque sus síntomas pueden mantenerse en la edad adulta. Por otro lado, en la última
década se ha extendido la TAA en el territorio español. En el desarrollo del presente
trabajo, en primer lugar, se ha conceptualizado el TDAH con una descripción sobre su
evaluación, diagnóstico y tratamientos. Seguidamente, se aporta información sobre las
intervenciones asistidas con animales (IAA), desembocando en una revisión bibliográfica
realizada sobre los estudios llevados a cabo en los últimos 10 años donde la TAA formaba
parte de la intervención del TDAH. Finalmente, se realiza una propuesta de programa
psicológico de terapia cognitivo-conductual para el TDAH dentro del campo de las IAA.
Este programa está dirigido a niños de entre 8 y 12 años. Consta de 12 sesiones donde se
trabaja la atención y las habilidades sociales. Se espera encontrar una mejora
significativamente superior para estas variables en el grupo experimental con respecto al
grupo control en la evaluación post-tratamiento y en la fase de seguimiento.
Palabras clave: Trastorno por déficit de atención (TDAH), Intervención asistida
con animales (IAA), Terapia asistida con animales (TAA), Terapia cognitivo conductual
(TCC), Habilidades sociales (HSS), Déficit de atención.
[EN]This paper seeks to provide information on animal-assisted therapy (AAT) within psychological treatments in childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). At present, ADHD is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders. The first symptoms can be seen during adolescence and some of them can be maintained in adulthood. On the other hand, in the last decade the use of AAT has been increased in countries as Spain. In development of this paper, firstly ADHD has been conceptualized with a description of its evaluation, diagnosis and treatments. Next, information is provided on animal-assisted interventions (AAI), leading to a literature review conducted on studies carried out in the last 10 years where AAT was part of the ADHD intervention. Finally, a proposal for a psychological program of cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD is made within the field of IAA. This program is aimed at children between 8 and 12 years old. It consists of 12 sessions where attention and social skills are worked. It is expected to find a significantly superior improvement for these variables in the experimental group with respect to the control group in the post-treatment evaluation and in the follow-up phase. Key words: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Animal-assisted intervention (AAI), Animal-assisted therapy (AAT), Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Social skills, attention deficit.
[EN]This paper seeks to provide information on animal-assisted therapy (AAT) within psychological treatments in childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). At present, ADHD is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders. The first symptoms can be seen during adolescence and some of them can be maintained in adulthood. On the other hand, in the last decade the use of AAT has been increased in countries as Spain. In development of this paper, firstly ADHD has been conceptualized with a description of its evaluation, diagnosis and treatments. Next, information is provided on animal-assisted interventions (AAI), leading to a literature review conducted on studies carried out in the last 10 years where AAT was part of the ADHD intervention. Finally, a proposal for a psychological program of cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD is made within the field of IAA. This program is aimed at children between 8 and 12 years old. It consists of 12 sessions where attention and social skills are worked. It is expected to find a significantly superior improvement for these variables in the experimental group with respect to the control group in the post-treatment evaluation and in the follow-up phase. Key words: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Animal-assisted intervention (AAI), Animal-assisted therapy (AAT), Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Social skills, attention deficit.