Enfermedades del olivo en la provincia de Jaén: organismos fitopatógenos
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2014-07-11
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
El olivo convive con numerosos seres vivos y solo un número bajo de
patógenos supone una importante amenaza. Sin embargo, la utilización de técnicas
intensivas en el cultivo está provocando una pérdida de estabilidad en el ecosistema,
lo que conlleva un aumento de problemas fitosanitarios, siendo tanto los hongos
como los nematodos fitopatógenos un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de este
cultivo. En este trabajo se identificaron nematodos del género Meloidogyne y hongos
del género Phytophthora y Verticillium dahliae, como los agentes causantes de una
serie de síntomas tales como marchitez, defoliación y podredumbre radical. Se
llevaron a cabo las técnicas idóneas para aislar e identificar morfológicamente a los
patógenos citados a partir de material vegetal extraído de olivos afectados
procedentes del municipio de Peal de Becerro, de la provincia de Jaén.
The olive tree coexists with a large number of living beings and only a small percentage of pathogens represents an important threat. However, the use of intensive farming techniques is causing a loss of stability in the ecosystem, leading to increased plant health problems. Both phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes are risk factors for the development of this crop. In this work, the genre of nematodes Meloidogyne and the genres of fungi Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora are identified as the causative agents of a number of symptoms such as wilting, defoliation and root rot. The best techniques were used to isolate and morphologically identify the named pathogens from plant material. This material was extracted from olive trees affected by those pathogens in the township of Peal de Becerro, in the province of Jaén.
The olive tree coexists with a large number of living beings and only a small percentage of pathogens represents an important threat. However, the use of intensive farming techniques is causing a loss of stability in the ecosystem, leading to increased plant health problems. Both phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes are risk factors for the development of this crop. In this work, the genre of nematodes Meloidogyne and the genres of fungi Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora are identified as the causative agents of a number of symptoms such as wilting, defoliation and root rot. The best techniques were used to isolate and morphologically identify the named pathogens from plant material. This material was extracted from olive trees affected by those pathogens in the township of Peal de Becerro, in the province of Jaén.
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Biología