Instrumentación portátil en el estudio del Patrimonio Histórico-Artístico
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2021-07-29
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Revisión bibliográfica sobre las técnicas de análisis portátiles más usadas en el patrimonio cultural material. La aplicación de la ciencia en el patrimonio comenzó en el año 1888 por el interés en las características de los materiales empleados para su conservación y restauración, aunque se utilizaban técnicas destructivas con la desventaja de la toma de muestras. Actualmente se utilizan técnicas no invasivas portátiles permitiendo realizar análisis in situ. Las más utilizadas son la fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF) y la espectroscopía de ruptura inducida por láser (LIBS) para la caracterización elemental y para la caracterización molecular y/o estructural se utilizan la espectroscopía de reflectancia UV-Vis-NIR con fibra óptica, espectroscopía Raman, espectroscopía por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano (NIR) y la difracción de rayos X (XRD). Principalmente se aplican en pinturas murales, cuevas prehistóricas, pinturas sobre lienzo, yeserías, manuscritos, piezas de bronce y monumentos.
[EN] This is a review of the most used portable analysis techniques in the material cultural heritage. The application of science in heritage began in 1888 due to the interest in the characteristics of the materials used for their conservation and restoration. In the 19th century, destructive techniques were used with the disadvantage of sampling. In the XX-XXI century, non-destructive techniques were implemented to avoid damage to the material. The most commonly used are X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for elemental characterization and for molecular and/or structural characterization UV-Vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy with fiber optics, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). They are mainly applied to wall paintings, prehistoric caves, paintings on canvas, plasterwork, manuscripts, bronze pieces and monuments.
[EN] This is a review of the most used portable analysis techniques in the material cultural heritage. The application of science in heritage began in 1888 due to the interest in the characteristics of the materials used for their conservation and restoration. In the 19th century, destructive techniques were used with the disadvantage of sampling. In the XX-XXI century, non-destructive techniques were implemented to avoid damage to the material. The most commonly used are X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for elemental characterization and for molecular and/or structural characterization UV-Vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy with fiber optics, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). They are mainly applied to wall paintings, prehistoric caves, paintings on canvas, plasterwork, manuscripts, bronze pieces and monuments.