INFLUENCIA DE FACTORES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS EN LOS HÁBITOS DE VIDA DE ESTUDIANTES ADOLESCENTES
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2017-07-10
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]El objetivo del presente estudio fue por una parte analizar las posibles
diferencias en cuanto a la actividad física dependiendo de las variables
sociodemográficas, y por otro describir la presencia de diferencias entre el género
masculino y femenino con respecto a las variables seleccionadas. La muestra estaba
formada por 1954 estudiantes de entre 13 y 16 años. Las características para la selección
de la muestra fue 59,00 kg de peso, 1,60 m de altura y un IMC de 22,92 kg/talla2
.
Para realizar el estudio se llevó a cabo un cuestionario de hábitos saludables generado por
el Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación de Chile, el cual estaba destinado
a la edad adolescente. Las preguntas incluían aspectos relacionados con la actividad
física, hábitos de vida académicos y el desplazamiento activo. Para analizar los datos
estadísticamente se empleo el programa SPSS para Windows versión 21.0, también se
realizó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para comprobar la normalidad de los datos
obtenidos. Finalmente se realizó un ANOVA con criterio de Tukey para determinar las
diferencias entre los tipos de centros y la Prueba T de Student para determinar las posibles
diferencias entre géneros. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la mayoría de los
adolescentes estudiados realizan 60 minutos al día de actividad física, no realizan
actividad extraescolar, estudian 1 hora al día, ven 2 horas de televisión al día y el tiempo
de desplazamiento activo es de 10-19 minutos al día. Las diferencias en cuanto al colegio
son con respecto al lugar donde se realiza la actividad física, la actividad física
extraescolar, deporte, horas de estudio, televisión y días de desplazamiento activo.
Finalmente, las únicas diferencias encontradas en cuanto a género son en el deporte,
folclore, video juegos y días de desplazamiento activo.
Palabras clave: actividad física, factores sociodemográficos, diferencia géneros, tipos
de centros
[EN]The objetive of the present study was to analyze the posible differences abouta physical activity depending of sociodemographic variables and to describe the presence differences between male and female gender in relation to the selected variables. The simple consisted of 1954 students between ages 13 to 16. The characteristics for the selection of the sample was 59.00 kg of weight, 1,60 m of height and a BMI of 22,92 kg / size2. To carry out the study, a questionnaire of healthy habits was carried out, generated by the System of Measurement of the Quality of Education of Chile, which was destined to the adolescent age. The questions included aspects related to physical activity, academic life habits and related to active displacement. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software for Windows version 21.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was also used to verify the normality of the data obtained. Finally, a Tukey criterion ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the types of centers and the Student T Test to determine the possible differences between genders. The results show that the majority of adolescents studied performed 60 minutes a day of physical activity, did not perform extracurricular activities, studied 1 hour a day, watched 2 hours of television a day and the time of active movement is 10-19 minutes up to date. The differences in the school are with respect to the place where physical activity, physical activity outside school, sports, study hours, television and days of active displacement are performed. Finally, the only differences found in terms of gender are in sport, folklore, video games and days of active displacement. Key words: physical activity, socio-demographic factors, genders difference, types of schools
[EN]The objetive of the present study was to analyze the posible differences abouta physical activity depending of sociodemographic variables and to describe the presence differences between male and female gender in relation to the selected variables. The simple consisted of 1954 students between ages 13 to 16. The characteristics for the selection of the sample was 59.00 kg of weight, 1,60 m of height and a BMI of 22,92 kg / size2. To carry out the study, a questionnaire of healthy habits was carried out, generated by the System of Measurement of the Quality of Education of Chile, which was destined to the adolescent age. The questions included aspects related to physical activity, academic life habits and related to active displacement. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software for Windows version 21.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was also used to verify the normality of the data obtained. Finally, a Tukey criterion ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the types of centers and the Student T Test to determine the possible differences between genders. The results show that the majority of adolescents studied performed 60 minutes a day of physical activity, did not perform extracurricular activities, studied 1 hour a day, watched 2 hours of television a day and the time of active movement is 10-19 minutes up to date. The differences in the school are with respect to the place where physical activity, physical activity outside school, sports, study hours, television and days of active displacement are performed. Finally, the only differences found in terms of gender are in sport, folklore, video games and days of active displacement. Key words: physical activity, socio-demographic factors, genders difference, types of schools
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