Dermatitis asociada a incontinencia: conocimiento de estudiantes de enfermería y enfermeras clínicas de Jaén
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2015-06-08
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos que tienen estudiantes de enfermería y enfermeras clínicas acerca de la dermatitis asociada a incontinencia. Establecer qué aspectos de la identificación de la dermatitis asociada a incontinencia son los mejor y peor conocidos.
Identificar si tanto estudiantes como enfermeras clínicas son capaces de distinguir las características diferenciales entre la dermatitis asociada a incontinencia y las úlceras por presión.
Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en la Universidad y el Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén durante el curso académico 2014-15. Población de estudio: estudiantes de enfermería de 3º y 4º curso y enfermeras clínicas de unidades donde la dermatitis asociada a incontinencia es más prevalente. Se recogieron diferentes variables sociodemográficas en función del grupo y las mismas para conocer el nivel de conocimientos de esta lesión mediante
un cuestionario creado para tal fin. El cuestionario auto-administrado constaba de 20 preguntas sobre los aspectos identificativos de esta lesión (causa, localización, forma, necrosis, profundidad, bordes y color). Fue evaluado por tres expertos nacionales en heridas crónicas para elaborar su versión final. Análisis de datos: secuencial univariante de tipo descriptivo de las variables de estudio y bivariante para el contraste de hipótesis utilizando la prueba paramétrica T – Student, ANOVA y el coeficiente Rho de Spearman para las variables cuantitativas tras
comprobar los criterios de normalidad mediante la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Cuando no se cumplieron los criterios de normalidad fueron utilizadas las pruebas no paramétricas (U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis) para variables cuantitativas. Se trabajó con un nivel de confianza del 95%.
Resultados: El número de cuestionarios cumplimentados fue de 224. La mayoría de los participantes del estudio eran mujeres 75% (n=168). La edad media fue de 30,83±12,44 años con un rango entre los 20 y 60 años. La media del nivel de conocimientos fue 72,08±11,39.Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,006) en el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes de enfermería y las enfermeras clínicas. No se encontraron diferencias
estadísticamente significativas entre el sexo, el curso académico, el destino de prácticas, la vía de acceso a la universidad, la experiencia, la formación y la unidad donde desarrolla la enfermera clínica su actividad asistencial. La causa y la localización fueron los aspectos más acertados y la forma, la posibilidad de necrosis y el color los menos acertados. Las preguntas más falladas del cuestionario fueron las más relacionadas con aspectos clave de la diferenciación entre úlceras por presión y dermatitis asociada incontinencia.
Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes de enfermería y las enfermeras clínicas acerca de la dermatitis asociada a incontinencia es aceptable. La distinción entre úlceras por presión y dermatitis asociada a incontinencia es compleja, mostrando tanto estudiantes como enfermeras clínicas peores resultados en las preguntas más relacionadas con las úlceras por presión.
Palabras clave: Dermatitis asociada a incontinencia, úlceras por presión, lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad, incontinencia, heridas crónicas.
Aims: To determine the level of knowledge which nursing students and clinical nurses have about incontinence-associated dermatitis. To establish what aspects of identification about incontinence-associated dermatitis are the best and worst known. To identify whether students and clinical nurses are able to distinguish the different characteristics between the incontinenceassociated dermatitis and pressure ulcers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study at the University and the Hospital of Jaén during the academic year 2014-15. Population: nursing students from 3rd and 4th grade and clinical nurses of wards where incontinence-associated dermatitis is more prevalent. Different sociodemographic variables were collected depending on the group and the same variables to determine the level of knowledge of this wound through a questionnaire which created for this purpose. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 20 questions about the identifying aspects of this wound (cause, location, shape, necrosis, depth, edges and color). It was evaluated by three national experts in chronic wounds to prepare the final version. Data analysis: sequential univariate descriptive variables and bivariate study for hypothesis testing using the parametric test T - Student, ANOVA and Spearman Rho coefficient for quantitative variables after checking normality criteria by testing Kolmogorov-Smirnov. When normality criteria were not met were used the nonparametric (U de Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) for quantitative variables. A confidence level of 95% was used. Results: The number of completed questionnaires was 224. The majority of participants were women, 75% (n = 168). The average age was 30.83 ± 12.44 years with a range between 20 and 60 years. The average level of knowledge was 72.08 ± 11.39. A significant association between the level of knowledge and the type of nurses was found (p<0.006). However, no significant differences were found between level of knowledge and sex, academic grade, the destination of practices, the access of university, experience, training and the ward where clinical nurses develop its healthcare activity. The cause and the location were the most accurate aspects, while the shape, the possibility of necrosis and color were less accurate. Questions about the key aspects related to the differentiation between pressure ulcers and incontinence-associated dermatitis were failed most. Conclusions: The level of knowledge of nursing students and clinical nurses about incontinence-associated dermatitis is acceptable. The distinction between pressure ulcers and incontinence-associated dermatitis is complex, showing both, students and clinical nurses worst results in the questions most related to pressure ulcers. Key words: Incontinence-associated dermatitis, pressure ulcers, dermatitis, moisture-associated skin damage, incontinence, chronic wounds.
Aims: To determine the level of knowledge which nursing students and clinical nurses have about incontinence-associated dermatitis. To establish what aspects of identification about incontinence-associated dermatitis are the best and worst known. To identify whether students and clinical nurses are able to distinguish the different characteristics between the incontinenceassociated dermatitis and pressure ulcers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study at the University and the Hospital of Jaén during the academic year 2014-15. Population: nursing students from 3rd and 4th grade and clinical nurses of wards where incontinence-associated dermatitis is more prevalent. Different sociodemographic variables were collected depending on the group and the same variables to determine the level of knowledge of this wound through a questionnaire which created for this purpose. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 20 questions about the identifying aspects of this wound (cause, location, shape, necrosis, depth, edges and color). It was evaluated by three national experts in chronic wounds to prepare the final version. Data analysis: sequential univariate descriptive variables and bivariate study for hypothesis testing using the parametric test T - Student, ANOVA and Spearman Rho coefficient for quantitative variables after checking normality criteria by testing Kolmogorov-Smirnov. When normality criteria were not met were used the nonparametric (U de Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) for quantitative variables. A confidence level of 95% was used. Results: The number of completed questionnaires was 224. The majority of participants were women, 75% (n = 168). The average age was 30.83 ± 12.44 years with a range between 20 and 60 years. The average level of knowledge was 72.08 ± 11.39. A significant association between the level of knowledge and the type of nurses was found (p<0.006). However, no significant differences were found between level of knowledge and sex, academic grade, the destination of practices, the access of university, experience, training and the ward where clinical nurses develop its healthcare activity. The cause and the location were the most accurate aspects, while the shape, the possibility of necrosis and color were less accurate. Questions about the key aspects related to the differentiation between pressure ulcers and incontinence-associated dermatitis were failed most. Conclusions: The level of knowledge of nursing students and clinical nurses about incontinence-associated dermatitis is acceptable. The distinction between pressure ulcers and incontinence-associated dermatitis is complex, showing both, students and clinical nurses worst results in the questions most related to pressure ulcers. Key words: Incontinence-associated dermatitis, pressure ulcers, dermatitis, moisture-associated skin damage, incontinence, chronic wounds.