“Cubiertas vegetales mixtas, una nueva tendencia en olivicultuta. Impacto en la comunidad de enemigos naturales”
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2022-07-29
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Entre las medidas adoptadas para controlar la erosión característica del olivar convencional, desde hace unos años viene siendo cada vez más frecuente la proliferación de cubiertas vegetales vivas. No obstante,
la implantación de cubiertas vegetales mixtas, mediante la adición a estas, de restos de poda triturados, representa una práctica en auge. El impacto de esta medida en la comunidad de enemigos naturales aún no ha sido convenientemente evaluado, lo que constituye el objetivo principal de este estudio. Durante el año 2022 se han seleccionado olivares de la provincia de Jaén, tanto de manejo convencional, como ecológicos; y entre estos, con cubierta herbácea viva, y con cubierta mixta. En estos se ha procedido
a realizar un inventario vegetal, así como a realizar muestreos periódicos sobre la entomofauna beneficiosa, en particular en lo correspondiente a las especies depredadoras y parasitoides.
Entre los resultados, destaca el olivar con cubierta mixta por presentar la mayor diversidad vegetal, constatándose en este la mayor diversidad y abundancia de enemigos naturales, así como una significativamente superior tasa de depredación. El olivar con cubierta vegetal viva, presentó valores inferiores de diversidad, abundancia y tasas de depredación, aunque superiores al convencional, donde se registraron los valores mínimos
[EN] Among the measures adopted to control the characteristic erosion of conventional olive groves, for a few years now the proliferation of living plant covers has been more and more frequent. However, the implementation of mixed green roofs, by adding crushed pruning remains to them, represents a growing practice. The impact of this measure on the community of natural enemies has not yet been properly evaluated, which is the main objective of this study. During the year 2022, olive groves in the province of Jaén have been selected, both conventionally managed and ecological; and among these, with live herbaceous cover, and with mixed cover. In these, a plant inventory has been carried out, as well as periodic sampling of the beneficial entomofauna, particularly in relation to predatory and parasitoid species. Among the results, the olive grove with mixed cover stands out for presenting the greatest plant diversity, confirming in this the greatest diversity and abundance of natural enemies, as well as a significantly higher rate of predation. The olive grove with living vegetation cover, presented lower values of diversity, abundance and predation rates, although higher than the conventional one, where the minimum values, were recorded.
[EN] Among the measures adopted to control the characteristic erosion of conventional olive groves, for a few years now the proliferation of living plant covers has been more and more frequent. However, the implementation of mixed green roofs, by adding crushed pruning remains to them, represents a growing practice. The impact of this measure on the community of natural enemies has not yet been properly evaluated, which is the main objective of this study. During the year 2022, olive groves in the province of Jaén have been selected, both conventionally managed and ecological; and among these, with live herbaceous cover, and with mixed cover. In these, a plant inventory has been carried out, as well as periodic sampling of the beneficial entomofauna, particularly in relation to predatory and parasitoid species. Among the results, the olive grove with mixed cover stands out for presenting the greatest plant diversity, confirming in this the greatest diversity and abundance of natural enemies, as well as a significantly higher rate of predation. The olive grove with living vegetation cover, presented lower values of diversity, abundance and predation rates, although higher than the conventional one, where the minimum values, were recorded.