EVIDENCIA DE LA EFICACIA DE LA INTERVENCIÓN ASISTIDA CON ANIMALES EN LOS TRASTORNOS DE ANSIEDAD
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2018-06-19
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Introducción: Los trastornos de ansiedad son un grupo de trastornos psicológicos que afectan a entre un
2-5% de la población general, produciendo una alteración del funcionamiento emocional y social de la
persona. Han sido tratados convencionalmente con la terapia cognitivo-conductual. Sin embargo, en los
últimos años han surgido nuevas alternativas terapéuticas, como son las intervenciones asistidas con
animales, dónde se ha observado que el vínculo humano-animal puede aportar beneficios
bidireccionales.
Objetivo: Analizar y clasificar la evidencia disponible en relación a la terapia y actividades asistidas con
animales para los trastornos de ansiedad.
Metodología: Se ha realizado una búsqueda documental siguiendo el modelo PRISMA en las siguientes
bases de datos: Pubmed/ Medline y en la plataforma Psychology and Behaviors Sciences Collection
(EBSCO), esta plataforma incluye las bases de datos Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, Psychology
and Behavioral Sciences Collection y CINAHL Complete.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 236 referencias de las cuales, tras pasar los criterios de exclusión e inclusión, se
consideraron aptos 7 artículos.
Conclusiones: Las intervenciones asistidas con animales presentan datos significativos a nivel psicológico,
en la reducción de la ansiedad y en la mejora del estado de ánimo y de las habilidades sociales, y a nivel
fisiológico, en la reducción de la tasa cardiaca, el pulso o la presión arterial, y el aumento de la oxitocina
en sangre, que podría reducir las palpitaciones, la taquicardia o los desmayos, y aumentar la capacidad
de relajación. Por lo tanto, se puede deducir que este tipo de terapias podrían llegar a ser una
alternativa eficaz en el tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad.
[EN] Introduction: Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders that affects between 2-5% of the general population, causing an alteration of the emotional and social functioning of the person. They have been conventionally treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, in recent years new therapeutic alternatives have emerged, such as animal assisted interventions, where it has been observed that the human-animal link can provide bi-directional benefits. Objective: To analyze and classify the available evidence regarding therapy and animal-assisted activities and anxiety disorders. databases: Pubmed / Medline and in the Psychology and Behavior Sciences Collection (EBSCO) platform, this platform includes the Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and CINAHL Complete. Results: We obtained 236 references of which, after passing the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 7 articles were considered suitable. Conclusions: Animal assisted interventions present significant data psychologically, in reducing anxiety and improving mood and social skills. At a physiological level, in reducing the heart rate, pulse or blood pressure, and increased oxytocin in the blood, it could reduce palpitations, tachycardia or fainting, and increase the ability to relax. Therefore, it can be deduced that these types of therapies could prove to be an effective alternative in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
[EN] Introduction: Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders that affects between 2-5% of the general population, causing an alteration of the emotional and social functioning of the person. They have been conventionally treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, in recent years new therapeutic alternatives have emerged, such as animal assisted interventions, where it has been observed that the human-animal link can provide bi-directional benefits. Objective: To analyze and classify the available evidence regarding therapy and animal-assisted activities and anxiety disorders. databases: Pubmed / Medline and in the Psychology and Behavior Sciences Collection (EBSCO) platform, this platform includes the Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and CINAHL Complete. Results: We obtained 236 references of which, after passing the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 7 articles were considered suitable. Conclusions: Animal assisted interventions present significant data psychologically, in reducing anxiety and improving mood and social skills. At a physiological level, in reducing the heart rate, pulse or blood pressure, and increased oxytocin in the blood, it could reduce palpitations, tachycardia or fainting, and increase the ability to relax. Therefore, it can be deduced that these types of therapies could prove to be an effective alternative in the treatment of anxiety disorders.