ESTUDIO COMPARADO DE LA GLIOSIS REACTIVA EN CEREBELO VS TRONCO ENCEFÁLICO TRAS ISQUEMIA GLOBAL POR PARADA CARDIACA
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2016-10-27
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]Los fenómenos de hipoxia e isquemia cerebral son una de las principales causas de mortandad y morbilidad en Europa con más de un millón de fallecimientos al año; ello implica además un elevado coste sanitario y un alto impacto social. Por ello es importante profundizar en la investigación de esta patología. Los astrocitos, son un tipo de célula glial que desempeña un importante papel neuroprotector en los procesos de daño neuronal, por ello, y teniendo en cuenta la heterogeneidad frente al daño isquémico que muestran por neuroimagen las distintas regiones del encéfalo, cabe esperar que estas células desempeñen un papel determinante en este comportamiento. Así, el objetivo general de esta investigación ha sido determinar la localización y expresión de la proteína GFAP (glial fibrillar acidic protein) como marcador reconocido de reactividad astrocitaria en dos regiones del encéfalo que muestran vulnerabilidad diferencial ante la isquemia como son el cerebelo y tronco encefálico; para ello se ha comparado la expresión y localización de GFAP de ratas sometidas a un modelo de isquemia global por parada cardiaca entre ambas regiones del encéfalo. Los resultados obtenidos indican un daño tisular visible en corteza cerebelosa que está acompañado de un incremento en la expresión de GFAP, particularmente en las capas molecular y de los granos; por el contrario no hemos detectado cambios significativos para la reactividad glial en la región de la protuberancia del tronco encefálico. Éste diferente comportamiento de los astrocitos en ambas regiones, induce a pensar en una implicación directa de estas células en la vulnerabilidad diferencial ante el daño isquémico que muestran las dos regiones del encéfalo estudiadas.
[EN]Brain hypoxia and ischemia are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity in Europe, with more than one million of deaths every year; these pathologies also involve high social and sanitary costs, so it is important deepen in the research on this field. The astrocytes are glial cells that play a neuroprotective role in the neuronal damage underlying ischemia; so, given the high neuroimagen heterogeneity of the different brain regions in relation to ischemic damage, it would be expected that these cells could play a decisive role in this behavior. The general objective in this investigation has been determined the location and expression of the GFAP protein (glial fibrillar acidic protein), as a recognized astrocyte reactivity mark, in two regions of the brain that show differential vulnerability to ischemic damage such as the cerebellum and the brainstem; it has been compared the expression and location of GFAP in rats subjected to a global ischemia by cardiac arrest between these two regions of the brain. The microscopic results indicate tissue damage in the cerebellar cortex accompanied by an increase in the GFAP expression, particularly in the molecular and grains layers; on the contrary, we have not detected significant changes to the glial reactivity in the pons region of the brainstem. This different behavior of the astrocytes, in both brain regions, suggests a direct involvement of these cells in its differential vulnerability to ischemic damage.
[EN]Brain hypoxia and ischemia are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity in Europe, with more than one million of deaths every year; these pathologies also involve high social and sanitary costs, so it is important deepen in the research on this field. The astrocytes are glial cells that play a neuroprotective role in the neuronal damage underlying ischemia; so, given the high neuroimagen heterogeneity of the different brain regions in relation to ischemic damage, it would be expected that these cells could play a decisive role in this behavior. The general objective in this investigation has been determined the location and expression of the GFAP protein (glial fibrillar acidic protein), as a recognized astrocyte reactivity mark, in two regions of the brain that show differential vulnerability to ischemic damage such as the cerebellum and the brainstem; it has been compared the expression and location of GFAP in rats subjected to a global ischemia by cardiac arrest between these two regions of the brain. The microscopic results indicate tissue damage in the cerebellar cortex accompanied by an increase in the GFAP expression, particularly in the molecular and grains layers; on the contrary, we have not detected significant changes to the glial reactivity in the pons region of the brainstem. This different behavior of the astrocytes, in both brain regions, suggests a direct involvement of these cells in its differential vulnerability to ischemic damage.