Influencia de la creación de huecos en el dosel en la regeneración natural y la composición florística de un bosque de Abies pinsapo
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2019-10-14
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]Los ecosistemas de distribución restringida, y en particular, aquellos localizados en refugios
donde perviven especies arbóreas que representan relictos climáticos, presentan una gran
vulnerabilidad frente al cambio climático actual, el cual puede propiciar la aparición de
enfermedades y patógenos, como es el caso del pinsapar del Parque Natural de la Sierra de
las Nieves, en la provincia de Málaga (Linares & Carreira, 2006), el cual, en las últimas
décadas ha presentado un decaimiento en sus áreas de menor altitud, por la formación de
huecos en el dosel, asociados al ataque de hongos patógenos. Dado que el modo de
regeneración de las especies arbóreas en los huecos del bosque puede ser cambiante en
relación a la presencia o ausencia de otras especies, como especies dominantes clave
(Yamamoto, 2000), este estudio buscó, mediante el análisis de la cobertura de cada una de
las especies presentes en las zonas de hueco y dosel, conocer las dinámicas que se están
generando en la comunidad vegetal, evaluando si existe una diferencia entre estas y según la
dominancia de una u otra especie, e intentar predecir la trayectoria de regeneración de los
huecos, y así el futuro del pinsapar. Los porcentajes de cobertura encontrados dan cuenta del
retroceso en dominancia de la especie Abies pinsapo, de forma que al pasar de un dosel
cerrado a hueco, se produce un incremento de la diversidad, sin olvidar que algunas especies
se presentan exclusivamente en uno de los dos ambientes.
Palabras clave: Abies pinsapo, dosel forestal, diversidad vegetal, flora, dinámica de huecos
[EN]Ecosystems of restricted distribution, and in particular those located in refuges where tree species that represent climatic relicts survive, are highly vulnerable to current climate change, which may lead to the appearance of diseases and pathogens, such has happened to the pinsapo fir forest at Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park, in the Province of Málaga (Linares & Carreira, 2006), where, in the last decades, a decline process has occurred in its lower altitude areas, by means of the formation of canopy gaps associated to the attack of pathogenic fungi. Since the way tree species regenerates in forest gaps may change in relation to the presence or absence of other species, such as key dominant species (Yamamoto, 2000), this study has focused, by measuring the coverage of each species present in the gaps and adjacent canopy areas, on revealing the dynamics that are being generated in the plant community, evaluating if there is a difference between them and according to the dominance of one or other species (Yamamoto, 2000), in order to predict the regeneration path of the gaps, and thus the future of the pinsapo fir forest. The percentages of coverage found show the decline in dominance of the species Abies pinsapo, which occurs when a gap appears from a closed canopy, finding in the gaps a greater diversity, not forgetting that some species occur exclusively in one of the two environments. Key words: Abies pinsapo, forest canopy, plant diversity, flora, gaps dynamics.
[EN]Ecosystems of restricted distribution, and in particular those located in refuges where tree species that represent climatic relicts survive, are highly vulnerable to current climate change, which may lead to the appearance of diseases and pathogens, such has happened to the pinsapo fir forest at Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park, in the Province of Málaga (Linares & Carreira, 2006), where, in the last decades, a decline process has occurred in its lower altitude areas, by means of the formation of canopy gaps associated to the attack of pathogenic fungi. Since the way tree species regenerates in forest gaps may change in relation to the presence or absence of other species, such as key dominant species (Yamamoto, 2000), this study has focused, by measuring the coverage of each species present in the gaps and adjacent canopy areas, on revealing the dynamics that are being generated in the plant community, evaluating if there is a difference between them and according to the dominance of one or other species (Yamamoto, 2000), in order to predict the regeneration path of the gaps, and thus the future of the pinsapo fir forest. The percentages of coverage found show the decline in dominance of the species Abies pinsapo, which occurs when a gap appears from a closed canopy, finding in the gaps a greater diversity, not forgetting that some species occur exclusively in one of the two environments. Key words: Abies pinsapo, forest canopy, plant diversity, flora, gaps dynamics.