Efectividad de las medidas analgésicas empleadas para el alivio del dolor durante la punción venosa en niños
Fecha
2016-07-21
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Introducción: La punción venosa es una técnica frecuente que causa dolor agudo en los niños. Las
enfermeras tienen la responsabilidad de reducirlo durante los procedimientos invasivos, para mantener
el confort del niño y evitar las consecuencias negativas a largo plazo. Objetivo: Recopilar las medidas
empleadas en el manejo del dolor durante la venopunción en niños por parte las enfermeras y evaluar
la efectividad de las mismas. Metodología: La búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos nacionales e
internacionales y los criterios de selección arrojaron una muestra de 24 artículos. Resultados: En
neonatos predomina el uso de sacarosa oral, en niños en la primera infancia las medidas afectivas y de
distracción, y en niños en edad escolar, las técnicas de distracción. Conclusión: El manejo no
farmacológico del dolor asociado a procedimientos invasivos es una tarea independiente que las
enfermeras deben incluir en sus cuidados, pues su aplicación en la práctica es escasa.
[EN] Introduction: Venipuncture, which is used a lot, causes a sharp pain in children. While doing invasive procedures, nurses must reduce pain in children, keeping them comfortably. Moreover, they must avoid negative long‐term consequences. Objective: To gather together the different methods used while taking blood through venipuncture by nursing professionals in children and evaluate their efficacy. Methodology: After doing research in the national and international data‐base, and after applying the selection criteria, we got a range of up to 24 research articles. Results: Sucrose has been given to neonates and breastfed children. Affection and entertainment have been used in early childhood. Different methods have been used in schoolchildren, but the entertaining ones prevail. Conclusion: Non‐pharmacologic methods to avoid pain associated to invasive procedures are something every single nurse must do. Although there is evidence that there are lots of ways to relieve pain, it is not used to a great extent.
[EN] Introduction: Venipuncture, which is used a lot, causes a sharp pain in children. While doing invasive procedures, nurses must reduce pain in children, keeping them comfortably. Moreover, they must avoid negative long‐term consequences. Objective: To gather together the different methods used while taking blood through venipuncture by nursing professionals in children and evaluate their efficacy. Methodology: After doing research in the national and international data‐base, and after applying the selection criteria, we got a range of up to 24 research articles. Results: Sucrose has been given to neonates and breastfed children. Affection and entertainment have been used in early childhood. Different methods have been used in schoolchildren, but the entertaining ones prevail. Conclusion: Non‐pharmacologic methods to avoid pain associated to invasive procedures are something every single nurse must do. Although there is evidence that there are lots of ways to relieve pain, it is not used to a great extent.