La Agencia Espacial Europea
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2019-07
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] La creación de una institución espacial a nivel europeo no fue un camino fácil. Este comenzó con la creación de dos Organizaciones, la ELDO y la ESRO que al final fracasaron por numerosos problemas, de ellas nació la Agencia Espacial Europea. La ESA es un referente por sus éxitos y por aglutinar a numerosos países bajo la dirección del Consejo y el Director General. La ESA se centra en sus objetivos definidos en el Convenio, financiándose gracias a los Estados miembros mediante contribuciones obligatorias y opcionales. Estas últimas se ven beneficiadas por el principio del justo retorno, fomentando la actividad de los Estados y una industria europea competitiva. La ESA también colabora con terceros con beneficio para ambas partes. El papel de España es fundamental, por ser uno de sus fundadores, por lo que aporta anualmente y por su industria. En este trabajo se analiza el contexto histórico de la ESA además de sus órganos y funcionamiento, junto con cuestiones como la financiación, el justo retorno la resolución de conflictos, sus objetivos y el papel que juega España en ella.
[EN] The creation of a space institution at european level was not an easy path. This began with the creation of two Organizations, the ELDO and the ESRO, that ultimately failed because numerous problems, from which the European Space Agency weas born. ESA is a benchmark for its successes and for bringing many countries under the leadership of the Council and the Director General. ESA focuses on its objectives defined in the Convention, with Member States being financed through mandatory and optional contributions. The latter benefit from the principle of fair return, encouranging the activity of States and a competitive European industry. ESA also collaborates with third parties with benefits for both parties. The role of Spain is fundamental being one of its founders, so it contributes annually and for its industry. This paper analyzes the historical context of ESA as well as its organs and functioning, along with issues such as financing, fair return, conflict resolution, their objectives and the role that Spain plays in it.
[EN] The creation of a space institution at european level was not an easy path. This began with the creation of two Organizations, the ELDO and the ESRO, that ultimately failed because numerous problems, from which the European Space Agency weas born. ESA is a benchmark for its successes and for bringing many countries under the leadership of the Council and the Director General. ESA focuses on its objectives defined in the Convention, with Member States being financed through mandatory and optional contributions. The latter benefit from the principle of fair return, encouranging the activity of States and a competitive European industry. ESA also collaborates with third parties with benefits for both parties. The role of Spain is fundamental being one of its founders, so it contributes annually and for its industry. This paper analyzes the historical context of ESA as well as its organs and functioning, along with issues such as financing, fair return, conflict resolution, their objectives and the role that Spain plays in it.