Cuidados de enfermería a pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en atención primaria
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2017-05-26
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad frecuente y con una alta prevalencia, afectando en 2010 a 210 millones de personas según la OMS y siendo la quinta causa de muerte en el mundo con 3 millones de muertos en 2015. Se caracteriza por la disminución prolongada del flujo de aire. Además, genera un gran gasto económico para el servicio de salud distribuido entre los gastos hospitalarios, fármacos, visitas y pruebas diagnósticas que asciende a una suma entre 1.712 y 3.238 euros al año por paciente. Por ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica narrativa en diferentes bases de datos nacionales e internacionales y se ha utilizado un total de 37 artículos para llevar a cabo los resultados del trabajo y 40 documentos para el trabajo completo con el fin de conocer la fisiopatología de la enfermedad y el papel que puede llegar a desempeñar la enfermera en atención primaria a la hora de diagnosticarla, mediante valoraciones enfermeras y unas pruebas establecidas que puede realizar el personal enfermero. El personal enfermero es el equipo de referencia para llevar el seguimiento de los pacientes y proveerles de información para mejorar su salud, interviene sobre ellos desde todos los ámbitos posibles, proporcionando campañas de promoción y prevención de salud, para facilitar y proporcionar los cuidados pertinentes a la población, y registrando el progreso de la enfermedad en cada paciente. Aun así, la enfermera forma parte de un equipo multidisciplinario formado por otros profesionales de salud con el objetivo de un seguimiento integral del paciente, ya que la EPOC es una enfermedad que coexiste con otras enfermedades que pueden variar los cuidados del paciente y por lo tanto también requieren observación. Los principales cuidados que complementan a la medicación son la oxigenoterapia, rehabilitación pulmonar, campañas antitabaco, de vacunación y tratamiento de la ansiedad y depresión. Debido a la importancia y repercusión que puede tener la enfermedad sobre la persona y la sociedad, el personal enfermero, y más aún en atención primaria, debe de tener un conocimiento actualizado sobre la educación sanitaria que debe de facilitarse como los cuidados que se proporcionen, siempre abordando todas las necesidades o patrones existentes para fomentar su
calidad de vida y su salud. Palabras clave: enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica; EPOC; cuidados; enfermería; fisiopatología.
[EN] Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic is a common illness with a high prevalence, affecting 210 million people according to the who in 2010 and is the fifth leading cause of death in the world with 3 million deaths by 2015. It is characterized by prolonged decreased air flow. In addition, it generates a great economic cost to the health service distributed between hospital expenditure, drugs, visits and diagnostic tests that amounts to a sum between 1.712 and 3,238 euros a year per patient. Therefore, a narrative literature review has been performed in different national and international databases and a total of 37 items has been used to carry out the results of the work and 40 documents for the complete work in order to know the physiopathology of the disease and the role that may play the nurse in primary health care at the time of diagnosing it nurses’ estimations and tests established that the personal nurse can perform. The staff nurse is the reference computer to track patients and provide them with information to improve your health is the nurse, speaking about them from all possible areas, providing health prevention, and promotion campaigns to facilitate and provide care relevant to the population, and recording the progress of the disease in each patient. Even so, the nurse is part of a multidisciplinary team consisting of other health professionals with the aim of a comprehensive patient follow-up, COPD is a disease that coexists with other diseases that the patient care will vary and therefore also require observation. The main care that complement to medication is oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, anti-smoking campaigns, vaccination and treatment of anxiety and depression. Because of the importance and impact that may have on the person and society, personal nurse, disease and even more primary care, must have updated knowledge about the health education that must facilitate as care provided, always addressing the needs or existing patterns to enhance their health and their quality of life. Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD; care; nursing; physiopathology.
[EN] Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic is a common illness with a high prevalence, affecting 210 million people according to the who in 2010 and is the fifth leading cause of death in the world with 3 million deaths by 2015. It is characterized by prolonged decreased air flow. In addition, it generates a great economic cost to the health service distributed between hospital expenditure, drugs, visits and diagnostic tests that amounts to a sum between 1.712 and 3,238 euros a year per patient. Therefore, a narrative literature review has been performed in different national and international databases and a total of 37 items has been used to carry out the results of the work and 40 documents for the complete work in order to know the physiopathology of the disease and the role that may play the nurse in primary health care at the time of diagnosing it nurses’ estimations and tests established that the personal nurse can perform. The staff nurse is the reference computer to track patients and provide them with information to improve your health is the nurse, speaking about them from all possible areas, providing health prevention, and promotion campaigns to facilitate and provide care relevant to the population, and recording the progress of the disease in each patient. Even so, the nurse is part of a multidisciplinary team consisting of other health professionals with the aim of a comprehensive patient follow-up, COPD is a disease that coexists with other diseases that the patient care will vary and therefore also require observation. The main care that complement to medication is oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, anti-smoking campaigns, vaccination and treatment of anxiety and depression. Because of the importance and impact that may have on the person and society, personal nurse, disease and even more primary care, must have updated knowledge about the health education that must facilitate as care provided, always addressing the needs or existing patterns to enhance their health and their quality of life. Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD; care; nursing; physiopathology.