Métodos no farmacológicos para el alivio del dolor de parto: una revisión narrativa
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2015-06-24
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] El dolor de parto, está calificado como uno de los dolores más intensos que el ser humano puede experimentar. En nuestra sociedad, existe la tendencia a utilizar los métodos farmacológicos para el alivio del dolor de parto. Sin embargo, el uso de métodos no farmacológicos está en auge, aunque debido a la falta de conocimientos sobre los mismos, se utilizan poco o inadecuadamente. El objetivo de este estudio, es examinar y describir cuáles son los métodos no farmacológicos que se dan con más frecuencia para el tratamiento y alivio del dolor de parto. Se consultaron las principales bases de datos y se realizó una revisión narrativa-descriptiva basada en el análisis de la literatura publicada en libros, artículos de revistas y análisis crítico del autor sobre el tema. Los resultados fueron positivos en el alivio del dolor para métodos como la acupuntura, la acupresión, el apoyo durante el parto, la hidroterapia, la hipnoterapia, las inyecciones de agua estéril, la libertad de movimientos, la masoterapia y la pelota de parto. Dichos métodos pueden usarse aisladamente o en combinación con otros. Se aconseja el uso de los métodos no farmacológicos para el alivio del dolor del parto pues proporcionan un estado de confort en la parturienta y una experiencia de parto más positiva. Se recomiendan realizar nuevas líneas de investigación para elaborar una guía de cuidados validada y reglada sobre los métodos no farmacológicos en el dolor del parto
[EN] The childbirth pain, it is qualified as one of the pains more intense that the human being can experience. In our society, exists the trend to use the pharmacological methods for the relief of the childbirth pain. However, the use of not pharmacological methods is in summit, though due to the lack of knowledge on the same ones, they are in use little or inadequately. The aim of this study, it is to examine and to describe which are the not pharmacological methods that give themselves with more frequency for the treatment and relief of the pain of the childbirth. The principal databases consulted and were realized a narrative-descriptive review based on the analysis of the literature published in books, articles of magazines and critical analysis of the author on the topic. The results were positive in the relief of the pain for methods as the acupuncture, the acupressure, the support during the childbirth, the hydrotherapy, the hypnotherapy, the injections of sterile water, the freedom of movements, the massage therapy and the birth ball. The above mentioned methods can be used isolated or in combination with others. It is advised the use of the not pharmacological methods for the relief of the pain in the childbirth so they provide a condition of comfort in the parturient and the most positive experience of childbirth. They recommend to realize new lines of investigation to elaborate a guide of taken care validated and ruled on the not pharmacological methods in pain of the childbirth.
[EN] The childbirth pain, it is qualified as one of the pains more intense that the human being can experience. In our society, exists the trend to use the pharmacological methods for the relief of the childbirth pain. However, the use of not pharmacological methods is in summit, though due to the lack of knowledge on the same ones, they are in use little or inadequately. The aim of this study, it is to examine and to describe which are the not pharmacological methods that give themselves with more frequency for the treatment and relief of the pain of the childbirth. The principal databases consulted and were realized a narrative-descriptive review based on the analysis of the literature published in books, articles of magazines and critical analysis of the author on the topic. The results were positive in the relief of the pain for methods as the acupuncture, the acupressure, the support during the childbirth, the hydrotherapy, the hypnotherapy, the injections of sterile water, the freedom of movements, the massage therapy and the birth ball. The above mentioned methods can be used isolated or in combination with others. It is advised the use of the not pharmacological methods for the relief of the pain in the childbirth so they provide a condition of comfort in the parturient and the most positive experience of childbirth. They recommend to realize new lines of investigation to elaborate a guide of taken care validated and ruled on the not pharmacological methods in pain of the childbirth.