Aceite de oliva en la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares
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2015-07-17
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES]El olivar es el pricipal sistema agrícola productor de aceite del área mediterránea,
con una gran importancia económica y social. Su fruto es la aceituna, de la cual se
obtiene el aceite de oliva, y se usa tanto para alimentación como para fines
medicinales, conservas, rituales religiosos y a nivel industrial. Es el principal aceite
en la dieta mediterránea, a la cual se le atribuyen, en gran parte gracias a este
aceite, una mayor longevidad y un menor riesgo de sufrir enfermedades
cardiovasculares, cáncer e incluso deterioro cognitivo. Algunas de sus propiedades
beneficiosas para la salud y diversos factores protectores son gracias a la cantidad
de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados que posee, considerados como un pilar en una
alimentación saludable. Este trabajo consiste en una revisión bibliográfica en la que
pretendemos conocer los efectos que tiene el aceite de oliva en nuestra salud,
concretamente su función en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, para
así analizar los posibles usos que puedan ser aplicables al ámbito enfermero. Tras
esta búsqueda y análisis de la bibligrafía relacionada con el tema en cuestión,
podemos destacar el efecto beneficioso que tiene el aceite de oliva, principalmente
ciertos componentes como los ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y los polifenoles, en
las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Es capaz de normalizar la presión arterial y
disminuir los valores en persona hipertensas, el nivel de colesterol total y LDL, y la
oxidación de éste último, pudiendo también aumentar los niveles de colesterol HDL.
Tiene capacidad antitrombótica, antiinflamatoria y antioxidante. Todo ello hace que el
aceite de oliva sea un factor protector frente a la aparición de las enfermedades
cardiovasculares además de beneficiar en las que ya se padezcan.
[EN] The olive tree is the main agricultural system oil producer in the Mediterranean area, and has economic and social importance. Its fruit is the olive, from which is obtained olive oil, and it is used both for food and medicinal purposes, preserves, religious rituals and industry. It is the main oil in the Mediterranean diet, to which is attributed, in large part thanks to this oil, greater longevity and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and even cognitive impairment. Some of its beneficial health factors and various protective properties are due to the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids it has, which are considered to be a pillar in a healthy diet. This work consists of a literature review in which we try to know the effects of olive oil on our health, specifically its role in preventing cardiovascular diseases, and to analyse the possible uses that may be applicable to nursing field. After searching and analysing the bibliography related to the issue at hand, we can highlight the beneficial effect of olive oil, principally certain parts such as monounsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, in cardiovascular diseases. Olive oil is able to normalize blood pressure and decrease the values in hypertensive person, the level of total cholesterol and LDL, and oxidation of the latter, may also increase HDL cholesterol levels. It has antithrombotic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant capacities. All this means that olive oil is a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular disease in addition to benefiting those already suffering.
[EN] The olive tree is the main agricultural system oil producer in the Mediterranean area, and has economic and social importance. Its fruit is the olive, from which is obtained olive oil, and it is used both for food and medicinal purposes, preserves, religious rituals and industry. It is the main oil in the Mediterranean diet, to which is attributed, in large part thanks to this oil, greater longevity and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and even cognitive impairment. Some of its beneficial health factors and various protective properties are due to the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids it has, which are considered to be a pillar in a healthy diet. This work consists of a literature review in which we try to know the effects of olive oil on our health, specifically its role in preventing cardiovascular diseases, and to analyse the possible uses that may be applicable to nursing field. After searching and analysing the bibliography related to the issue at hand, we can highlight the beneficial effect of olive oil, principally certain parts such as monounsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, in cardiovascular diseases. Olive oil is able to normalize blood pressure and decrease the values in hypertensive person, the level of total cholesterol and LDL, and oxidation of the latter, may also increase HDL cholesterol levels. It has antithrombotic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant capacities. All this means that olive oil is a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular disease in addition to benefiting those already suffering.