Humanización de los Cuidados de Enfermería en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos
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2022-06-28
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] Con este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión para conocer y analizar la humanización de la atención en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Introducción: Las UCI son unidades especiales con condiciones específicas en cuanto a estructura y organización en las que se tratan a pacientes con patologías críticas. Objetivos: se pretende analizar la literatura científica referente a la humanización de la atención en las UCI, para lo cual se han Desarrollado objetivos específicos. Metodología: se ha llevado a cabo una revisión narrativa en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Cochrane, Cuiden y ProQuest. Tras un análisis de los artículos encontrados finalmente se ha tomado una muestra de 27 estudios. Resultados: La UCI plantea una esperanza para todas las patologías críticas y gracias a ella los pacientes ingresados tienen posibilidad de supervivencia. A pesar de ello supone una transformación en el estilo de vida de pacientes y familiares. Además, supone una posible fuente de, por ejemplo, estrés, dolor o ansiedad que se deben a diversos motivos para pacientes, familiares y profesionales sanitarios. Para evitarlo se deben implementar medidas humanizadoras como pueden ser la empatía, la comunicación efectiva, el desarrollo de un vínculo terapéutico, la educación y formación o la eliminación de las restricciones en
las visitas. Conclusión: a pesar de que cada vez parece que se habla más sobre humanización en la literatura científica aún queda mucho por desarrollar hasta llegar a que el desarrollo sobre este tema vaya en paralelo con el desarrollo de los conocimientos científico-técnicos. Aprovechando el trabajo de calidad que se desarrolla en estas unidades se debe impulsar la humanización para conseguir que se convierta en una realidad en todos los niveles.
[EN] The purpose of this Project is to know and analyse the humanisation of attention in the Intensive Care Units. Introduction: ICU are special units with specific conditions of structure and organisation. In such are treated patients diagnosed with critical pathologies. Objectives: the aim is to analyse the scientific literature referring to humanisation of attention in ICU. To do so are being developed specific objectives. Methodology: it has been carried out a narrative review in the databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, Cuiden and ProQuest. After this review it has been gathered a sample of 27 researches. Results: ICU are a hope for every critical pathologies and thanks to it the admitted patients have a possibility to survive. Despite of this fact, ICU entail a transformation for both patients and their families. In addition, it is a possible source of, for instance, stress, pain or anxiety for patients, their relatives and health care professionals. To avoid this, it has to be implemented humanising measures as empathy, effective communication, the development of a therapeutic link, education and formation or removal of the family visit restrictions. Conclusion: although humanization appears to be more addressed in scientific literature in the current days, it still remains a lot to develop in order to achieve this topic to be in parallel to the evolution of scientific-technical knowledge. Taking advantage of the quality work which is developed in these units of the hospital it has to be implemented humanisation to aim such to become a reality for all levels.
[EN] The purpose of this Project is to know and analyse the humanisation of attention in the Intensive Care Units. Introduction: ICU are special units with specific conditions of structure and organisation. In such are treated patients diagnosed with critical pathologies. Objectives: the aim is to analyse the scientific literature referring to humanisation of attention in ICU. To do so are being developed specific objectives. Methodology: it has been carried out a narrative review in the databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, Cuiden and ProQuest. After this review it has been gathered a sample of 27 researches. Results: ICU are a hope for every critical pathologies and thanks to it the admitted patients have a possibility to survive. Despite of this fact, ICU entail a transformation for both patients and their families. In addition, it is a possible source of, for instance, stress, pain or anxiety for patients, their relatives and health care professionals. To avoid this, it has to be implemented humanising measures as empathy, effective communication, the development of a therapeutic link, education and formation or removal of the family visit restrictions. Conclusion: although humanization appears to be more addressed in scientific literature in the current days, it still remains a lot to develop in order to achieve this topic to be in parallel to the evolution of scientific-technical knowledge. Taking advantage of the quality work which is developed in these units of the hospital it has to be implemented humanisation to aim such to become a reality for all levels.