Pacto Verde Europeo y minerales para la transición energética: repercusiones y oportunidades para África Subsahariana
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2021-11-08
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La Agencia Internacional de la Energía (IEA) estima que para lograr alcanzar del Acuerdo de París la demanda de minerales energéticos críticos se deberá multiplicar por 4 para 2040 y por 6 para alcanzar un escenario de cero emisiones netas para 2050. Este rápido crecimiento en la demanda de minerales críticos para la transición energética conlleva el planteamiento de otro tipo de cuestiones fundamentales, como son la disponibilidad y la seguridad en el suministro, la volatilidad de precios o la concentración geográfica de la extracción de estos minerales en países de baja gobernanza, con el riesgo que esto supone para la vulneración de derechos humanos. Para que Europa logre su ambición climática
establecida en el Pacto Verde Europeo necesita garantizarse el aprovisionamiento de este tipo de minerales, para lo cual África supone un socio estratégico. Este Trabajo Final de Titulo explora las ambiciones climáticas de ambos continentes, así como las relaciones en materia de energía entre ambos y los retos y oportunidades que ofrece la creciente demanda de minerales energéticos para una nueva alianza Europa-África.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that, to achieve the Paris Agreement, the demand for critical energy minerals must be multiplied by 4 by 2040 and by 6 to achieve a scenario of zero net emissions by 2050. This rapid growth in the critical minerals demand for the energy transition entails raising other types of fundamental issues, such as availability and security of supply, price volatility or the minerals extraction concentration in low-governance countries, with the risk that this entails for the violation of human rights. For Europe to achieve its climate ambition established in the European Green Deal, the supply of this type of minerals needs to be guaranteed and for this, Africa is a strategic partner. This Final Title Thesis explores the climate ambitions of both continents, as well as their energy relations and the challenges and opportunities offered by the growing demand for energy minerals for a new Europe-Africa alliance.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that, to achieve the Paris Agreement, the demand for critical energy minerals must be multiplied by 4 by 2040 and by 6 to achieve a scenario of zero net emissions by 2050. This rapid growth in the critical minerals demand for the energy transition entails raising other types of fundamental issues, such as availability and security of supply, price volatility or the minerals extraction concentration in low-governance countries, with the risk that this entails for the violation of human rights. For Europe to achieve its climate ambition established in the European Green Deal, the supply of this type of minerals needs to be guaranteed and for this, Africa is a strategic partner. This Final Title Thesis explores the climate ambitions of both continents, as well as their energy relations and the challenges and opportunities offered by the growing demand for energy minerals for a new Europe-Africa alliance.