Efectividad del Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) y Toxina Botulínic tipo “A” en el tratamiento de la espasticidad en personas afectadas por ictus: una revisión sistemática.
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2015-06-16
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]Introducción: La espasticidad se define como un trastorno motor caracterizado por un aumento dependiente de la velocidad del tono muscular que da lugar a un incremento de los reflejos de estiramiento. Una de las principales causas de la espasticidad es el ictus o ACV. Esta revisión sistemática busca comprobar la eficacia del uso del TENS y toxina botulínica tipo A para el manejo de la espasticidad en pacientes post-ictus.
Métodos: Se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica, usando las palabras clave y descriptores en ciencias de la salud, en Castellano e Inglés combinándolos en bases de datos internacionales principalmente (Pubmed, PEDro, Scopus, Wok, Lillacs, Cochrane, Base de Datos del CSIC, EnFisPo y Fisterra). Los artículos son devueltos al gestor bibliográfico Refworks, donde tras un proceso de criba, se eliminan en primer lugar los duplicados, y en una segunda revisión se eliminan todos aquellos que no cumplen los criterios de inclusión (los textos sean ECA, ECA con puntuación similar o superior a seis y tres en escala PEDro y JADAD respectivamente, y la muestra haya sufrido ictus). El proceso final de selección termina con once artículos, con los cuales se elabora esta revisión sistemática.
Resultados: Tanto el TENS como la ITB A, generan una reducción clara de la espasticidad y una mejoría de la movilidad pasiva. De manera secundaria, provoca una mejoría de la movilidad activa, fuerza, capacidad funcional, estado postural y capacidad de marcha bípeda.
Discusión: Tanto del TENS como la ITB A reducen la espasticidad en pacientes post-ictus, difiriendo solamente en la duración de los efectos conseguidos. El TENS consigue efectos rápidos durante un período corto de tiempo (menos de un día) y la ITB A, consigue efectos más lentos, pero que se prolongan incluso hasta los seis meses
[EN]Introduction: Spasticity defines like a disorder engine characterized by a dependent increase of the speed of the muscular tone, which gives place to an increase of the stretching reflex. One of the main causes of spasticity is the stroke or ACV. This systematic review search check the efficiency of the use of the TENS and ITB A for the spasticity reduction. Methods: It makes a bibliographic research, using the keywords and descripting of sciences of the health, in Spanish and English, mixing it in international databases mainly like Pubmed, PEDro, Scopus, Wok, Lillacs, Cochrane, Data Base of CSIC, EnFisPo and Fisterra. Articles, are given back to the bibliographic agent “Refworks”, where after a process of selection, deleted in the first place the duplicates articles, and in a second review I delete all those that do not fulfil the inclusion criteria (texts have to be RCT; RCT with a note similar or high to six or three in PEDro and JADAD scale, respect; and population has suffered a stroke). The final process of selection finishes with 11 articles, with which elaborates this review. Results: TENS and ITB A, generate a clear reduction of the spasticity and an improve of the passive mobility. In the second place, it causes an improve of the active mobility, strength, functional capacity, state postural and gait. Discussion: TENS and ITB A reduce the spasticity in patients post-stroke, differing only in the length of the effects achieved. TENS achieves fast effects during a short-term (less than a day) and ITB A, achieves effects slower, but that long-time until the six months.
[EN]Introduction: Spasticity defines like a disorder engine characterized by a dependent increase of the speed of the muscular tone, which gives place to an increase of the stretching reflex. One of the main causes of spasticity is the stroke or ACV. This systematic review search check the efficiency of the use of the TENS and ITB A for the spasticity reduction. Methods: It makes a bibliographic research, using the keywords and descripting of sciences of the health, in Spanish and English, mixing it in international databases mainly like Pubmed, PEDro, Scopus, Wok, Lillacs, Cochrane, Data Base of CSIC, EnFisPo and Fisterra. Articles, are given back to the bibliographic agent “Refworks”, where after a process of selection, deleted in the first place the duplicates articles, and in a second review I delete all those that do not fulfil the inclusion criteria (texts have to be RCT; RCT with a note similar or high to six or three in PEDro and JADAD scale, respect; and population has suffered a stroke). The final process of selection finishes with 11 articles, with which elaborates this review. Results: TENS and ITB A, generate a clear reduction of the spasticity and an improve of the passive mobility. In the second place, it causes an improve of the active mobility, strength, functional capacity, state postural and gait. Discussion: TENS and ITB A reduce the spasticity in patients post-stroke, differing only in the length of the effects achieved. TENS achieves fast effects during a short-term (less than a day) and ITB A, achieves effects slower, but that long-time until the six months.
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