Aplicación de métodos no farmacológicos en la dilatación y alivio del dolor en el parto
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2015-06-24
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Los métodos no farmacológicos más conocidos y utilizados son el masaje, la inmersión en el agua, la libertad de posiciones y la Esferodinamia o uso de la pelota de parto. Son métodos seguros y eficaces para el alivio del dolor en el parto y acortan la duración de la fase de la dilatación si se utilizan en ciertas condiciones y en la dilatación tardía (4-5 cm dilatados) ya que ofrecen a la mujer una alternativa a los métodos tradicionales como la analgesia epidural. Objetivo: determinar los efectos y beneficios de la utilización de métodos no farmacológicos en el parto para el alivio del dolor y su influencia en la duración de la primera fase del parto. Metodología: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Cochrane Plus, Cuiden Plus, Pubmed, Cinhal, Gerion y Scopus. Los criterios de inclusión han sido documentos publicados entre 2010 y 2015, texto completo accesible y sin enfermedades obstétricas o ginecológicas y embarazos de bajo riesgo. Resultados: Esta revisión bibliográfica incluye un total de 27 documentos, entre los cuales se encuentran otras revisiones, artículos publicados, libros y revistas, que reflejan los beneficios de los métodos no farmacológicos y el efecto que producen para el alivio del dolor y la influencia en la fase de dilatación. Conclusiones: La evidencia nos orienta hacia que el uso de estos métodos genera efectos positivos sobre la percepción y alivio del dolor en el parto y sobre la duración de la etapa de dilatación. A pesar de esto, la evidencia publicada refleja una necesidad de mayor investigación y actualmente algunos de estos métodos como la inmersión en el agua solo se pueden utilizar para ensayos clínicos e investigación.
[EN] The non-pharmacological methods more acquaintances and used are the massage, the inmersion in water, the freedom of positions and the use of the birth ball. They are safe and effective methods for the relief of the pain in the childbirth and shorten the duration of the phase of the dilatation if they are used in certain conditions and in the late phase of the dilatation (4-5 cm) since they offer an alternative to the woman to the traditional methods as the epidural analgesic. Objective: to determinate the effects and benefits of the use of non-pharmacological methods in the childbirth for the relief of the pain and his influence in the duration of the first phase of the childbirth. Methodology: It has been realized a bibliographical search in Cochrane Plus, Cuiden Plus, Pubmed, Cinhal, Gerion and Scopus databases. The inclusión criteria have been documents published between 2010 and 2015, complete accessible text and without obstetric or gynaecological diseases and low risk pregnancies. Results: This bibliographical review includes a total of 27 documents, between which they find other reviews, published articles, books and magazines, which reflect the benefits of the non-pharmacological methods and the effect that they produce for the relief of the pain and the influence in the phase of dilatation. Conclusions: The evidence orientates us towards that the use of these methods generates positive effects on the perception and relief of the pain in the childbirth and on the duration of the stage of dilatation. In spite of this, the published evidence reflects a need of major investigation and nowadays some of these methods as the inmersión in water only can be in use for clinical tests and investigation.
[EN] The non-pharmacological methods more acquaintances and used are the massage, the inmersion in water, the freedom of positions and the use of the birth ball. They are safe and effective methods for the relief of the pain in the childbirth and shorten the duration of the phase of the dilatation if they are used in certain conditions and in the late phase of the dilatation (4-5 cm) since they offer an alternative to the woman to the traditional methods as the epidural analgesic. Objective: to determinate the effects and benefits of the use of non-pharmacological methods in the childbirth for the relief of the pain and his influence in the duration of the first phase of the childbirth. Methodology: It has been realized a bibliographical search in Cochrane Plus, Cuiden Plus, Pubmed, Cinhal, Gerion and Scopus databases. The inclusión criteria have been documents published between 2010 and 2015, complete accessible text and without obstetric or gynaecological diseases and low risk pregnancies. Results: This bibliographical review includes a total of 27 documents, between which they find other reviews, published articles, books and magazines, which reflect the benefits of the non-pharmacological methods and the effect that they produce for the relief of the pain and the influence in the phase of dilatation. Conclusions: The evidence orientates us towards that the use of these methods generates positive effects on the perception and relief of the pain in the childbirth and on the duration of the stage of dilatation. In spite of this, the published evidence reflects a need of major investigation and nowadays some of these methods as the inmersión in water only can be in use for clinical tests and investigation.