Valoración pediátrica del dolor. Instrumentos disponibles
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2014-06-23
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
Durante décadas, el dolor pediátrico no ha recibido la atención necesaria, siendo prácticamente ignorado. Esto se ha debido principalmente a un conocimiento deficiente que ha llevado a concebir mitos y falsas creencias, las cuales han conducido a una escasa valoración del dolor y a un manejo inadecuado del mismo. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar las propiedades psicométricas, la interpretabilidad y la viabilidad de los instrumentos de valoración del dolor disponibles para niños y niñas. Se realizaron búsquedas en las principales bases de datos de los instrumentos existentes para niños de 0 a 18 años. Se evaluó cada estudio de forma independiente y se separaron las escalas en grupos según la edad del niño, el tipo de dolor, la presencia de discapacidad intelectual y el dolor postoperatorio. Los resultados fueron positivos y respaldaron la evidencia de once escalas. No existe una herramienta que resulte óptima para su uso con todos los tipos de dolor o en todos los rangos de edad. A continuación, se discuten recomendaciones y se proponen nuevas líneas de investigación para fortalecer la medición del dolor pediátrico.
For decades, paediatric pain has not received the attention and importance it deserves and has been virtually ignored. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge, which has led to myths and misconceptions that have resulted in poor pain assessment and inappropriate pain management. The aim of this study is to review the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of pain assessment instruments for children. The main databases of existing instruments for children aged 0 to 18 years were searched. Each study was independently evaluated by dividing the scales into groups: according to the age of the child, the type of pain, the presence of mental retardation and postoperative pain. The results were positive and supported the validity of eleven scales. No single tool was found to be optimal for use with all types of pain or across the age range. Recommendations are discussed and new lines of research are proposed to strengthen the measurement of paediatric pain.
For decades, paediatric pain has not received the attention and importance it deserves and has been virtually ignored. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge, which has led to myths and misconceptions that have resulted in poor pain assessment and inappropriate pain management. The aim of this study is to review the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of pain assessment instruments for children. The main databases of existing instruments for children aged 0 to 18 years were searched. Each study was independently evaluated by dividing the scales into groups: according to the age of the child, the type of pain, the presence of mental retardation and postoperative pain. The results were positive and supported the validity of eleven scales. No single tool was found to be optimal for use with all types of pain or across the age range. Recommendations are discussed and new lines of research are proposed to strengthen the measurement of paediatric pain.