Satisfacción de los pacientes desde un nuevo enfoque: la infrahumanización y la empatía.
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2015-06-24
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] La satisfacción con el personal de enfermería ha sido identificada como uno de los índices más importante en la predicción de la satisfacción del paciente con la atención recibida en el contexto hospitalario (Han, Connolly y Canham, 2003). No obstante, las variables que influyen en la atención percibida por el paciente, y por tanto que determinan el grado de satisfacción usuaria, no han sido suficientemente estudiadas desde un punto de vista cuantitativo. La empatía y la deshumanización se perfilan como elementos clave para la satisfacción del paciente, sin embargo son pocos los estudios que analizan estas variables desde un punto de vista estadístico. Es por ello que este proyecto de investigación asumió como principal objetivo el análisis del impacto de la empatía y la deshumanización en la satisfacción del paciente desde un enfoque cuantitativo. Para ello, se propone la aplicación del “Interpersonal Reactivity Index” (Davis, 1980) y el “Cuestionario de Calidad de Cuidados de Enfermería” (2005) a pacientes del Hospital de Jaén. Asimismo, y con el fin de profundizar en aspectos difíciles de captar mediante métodos cuantitativos, se realizarían entrevistas semiestructuradas a pacientes y personal de enfermería. Se esperaría encontrar una correlación positiva entre el grado de empatía mostrado por el personal de enfermería y el de satisfacción percibido por el paciente, así como una correlación negativa entre el grado de deshumanización expresado por el enfermero/a y la satisfacción comunicada por el usuario. Los resultados de este proyecto de investigación pretenden ser una herramienta útil para la sensibilización de la comunidad enfermera y para el desarrollo de un cuidado humanizado y eficaz acorde con las necesidades comunitarias.
[EN] Satisfaction with nursing has been identified as one of the most important factors in predicting patient satisfaction with the care provided in the hospital environment (Han, Connolly, and Canham, 2003). However, the variables that influence the perceived patient care, and thus determining the degree of user satisfaction, have not been sufficiently studied from a quantitative standpoint. Empathy and dehumanization are emerging as key elements for user satisfaction. However, there are few studies that analyze these variables from a statically point of view. This research project had as main objective to quantitatively analyze the impact of empathy and dehumanization in patient satisfaction. To this aim, the “Interpersonal Reactivity Index” (Davis, 1980), and the "Questionnaire of Quality Nursing Care" (2005) was proposed as assessment instruments applied to patients of the Hospital of Jaén. Moreover, in order to delve into difficult aspects of capture by quantitative methods, semi-structured interviews with patients and nurses would be conducted. We expect to find a positive correlation between the degree of empathy shown by the nurses and the satisfaction perceived by the patient as well as a negative correlation between the degree of dehumanization expressed by nurses and satisfaction levels reported by the users. The results of this research project intend to be a useful tool for sensitizing the nursing community and for developing a humanized and effective health care in line with the community needs.
[EN] Satisfaction with nursing has been identified as one of the most important factors in predicting patient satisfaction with the care provided in the hospital environment (Han, Connolly, and Canham, 2003). However, the variables that influence the perceived patient care, and thus determining the degree of user satisfaction, have not been sufficiently studied from a quantitative standpoint. Empathy and dehumanization are emerging as key elements for user satisfaction. However, there are few studies that analyze these variables from a statically point of view. This research project had as main objective to quantitatively analyze the impact of empathy and dehumanization in patient satisfaction. To this aim, the “Interpersonal Reactivity Index” (Davis, 1980), and the "Questionnaire of Quality Nursing Care" (2005) was proposed as assessment instruments applied to patients of the Hospital of Jaén. Moreover, in order to delve into difficult aspects of capture by quantitative methods, semi-structured interviews with patients and nurses would be conducted. We expect to find a positive correlation between the degree of empathy shown by the nurses and the satisfaction perceived by the patient as well as a negative correlation between the degree of dehumanization expressed by nurses and satisfaction levels reported by the users. The results of this research project intend to be a useful tool for sensitizing the nursing community and for developing a humanized and effective health care in line with the community needs.
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