Estrategias para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento en las personas con esquizofrenia
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2015-07-17
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] La falta de adherencia al tratamiento se produce en todas las enfermedades de carácter crónico, pero en el caso de la esquizofrenia se trata de un desafío mayor ya que este trastorno se relaciona con el aislamiento social, el estigma, el abuso de sustancias. A esto hay que añadir el efecto de los síntomas principales en la adhesión, tanto positivos como negativos, un deficiente insight, la depresión y el deterioro cognitivo. La falta de adherencia suele ser infravalorada, pero más de una tercera parte de los pacientes se ven afectados. Esta falta de adherencia aumenta el riesgo de sufrir una recaída, reingresos hospitalarios, un aumento de los costes y además su calidad de vida sería menor. La causa de la falta de adherencia es multifactorial ya que puede producirse por aspectos relacionados con: el paciente, el personal sanitario, el entorno y el tratamiento. Las estrategias para mejorar la adherencia integran las poblacionales y las individuales. Además incluye estrategias dirigidas al paciente y su entorno, al personal sanitario y al tratamiento con el objetivo de lograr la mejora de la adherencia.
[EN] The scarcity of treatment adhesiveness appears in all the chronic diseases, but schizophrenia presents a bigger challenge due to this disorder is associated to the social isolation, stigma and the substance abuse. These factors added to the effects of the main adhesion symptoms, as positive as negative, a low insight, depression and cognitive impairment. The low adhesiveness is often underrated, but more than the third part of the patients are affected. This low adhesion increase the relapse risk, hospital relapses, a cost rise and also the quality life would be lower. The cause of this problem is multifactorial because it can be caused for different aspects associated to: the patient, sanitary employers, the environment and the treatment. The strategies utilized to improve the adhesion are made up of the community and individuals. Furthermore includes strategies focused to the patient and his environment, the sanitary employers and the treatment with the target of obtain the best adhesiveness.
[EN] The scarcity of treatment adhesiveness appears in all the chronic diseases, but schizophrenia presents a bigger challenge due to this disorder is associated to the social isolation, stigma and the substance abuse. These factors added to the effects of the main adhesion symptoms, as positive as negative, a low insight, depression and cognitive impairment. The low adhesiveness is often underrated, but more than the third part of the patients are affected. This low adhesion increase the relapse risk, hospital relapses, a cost rise and also the quality life would be lower. The cause of this problem is multifactorial because it can be caused for different aspects associated to: the patient, sanitary employers, the environment and the treatment. The strategies utilized to improve the adhesion are made up of the community and individuals. Furthermore includes strategies focused to the patient and his environment, the sanitary employers and the treatment with the target of obtain the best adhesiveness.