Atención de enfermería en accidentes de tráfico a propósito de un caso clínico.
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2015-06-24
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] Los accidentes de tráfico son un problema de salud pública, que producen al año miles de víctimas, víctimas que mueren de inmediato, víctimas que con un buen tratamiento en la primera hora tras el accidente pueden volver a casa y victimas que aun con estos cuidados mueren. La prevención de estos accidentes es lo más importante, pero mientras esto llega el personal sanitario debe estar preparado para asumir los cuidados que derivan de estos accidentes.
El trabajo del personal sanitario móvil es fundamental para la supervivencia del paciente, pero una vez se encuentra en el hospital, relevan en nosotros el duro trabajo de seguir con su labor. En nuestro trabajo, planteamos un caso clínico de una paciente joven con una fractura cervical a nivel C2 y fractura del fémur izquierdo. Le realizamos una valoración integral basándonos en el modelo de Virginia Henderson y encontramos fundamentalmente tres necesidades alteradas, necesidad nutrición por presencia de vómitos, necesidad moverse y mantener la postura por inmovilización completa en cama y necesidad de sueño descanso por el dolor. Una vez encontradas las necesidades alteradas, hemos detectado los siguientes diagnósticos enfermeros nombrados por la taxonomía NANDA: 00047 Riesgo de deterioro de la integridad cutánea, 00025 Riesgo de desequilibrio de volumen de líquidos, y 00132 Dolor agudo. Con la ayuda de la taxonomía NIC y NOC realizamos un completo plan de cuidados. Al evaluar nuestro plan de cuidados, encontramos que hemos alcanzado los objetivos en dos de los 3 diagnósticos que planteábamos, y en el otro, aunque no se haya conseguido el objetivo, se mejoró el estado de la paciente.
Hemos decidido realizar este trabajo basándonos en un caso clínico para poder poner un ejemplo claro de cómo se realizan unos cuidados específicos y de una gran complejidad por ser paciente politraumatizado. Para mí ha sido muy útil este trabajo para hacer hincapié en la importancia de los cuidados enfermeros y los problemas que pueden evitarse al realizarlos correctamente.
[EN] Traffic accidents are a problem related to Public Health which cause thousands of victims every year, some of them die immediately, some after an appropriate treatment during the first hour can go back to their homes and some other, despite receiving a good treatment, finally die. To prevent these accidents is the most important action, but while the authorities work on that, health personnel should be prepared to assume the cares which derive from these accidents. Mobile health personnel are essential for patient survival, but once he is at the hospital, they relieve on us the hard work of continuing their task. On this paper, we study a case report of a young patient with a cervical fracture on C2 level and fracture on the left femur. We make an integral evaluation based on Virginia Henderson’s model and found essentially three needs altered: for nutrition, due to vomiting, for mobility and kept of posture, because of complete immobilization on bed and for sleep and rest, because of pain. Once we have found the altered needs, we find the following nursery diagnosis, named from taxonomy NANDA: 00047 Risk of cutaneous integrity’s deterioration, 00025 Risk of liquid volume imbalance and 00132 Acute pain. With the help of NIC and NOC taxonomy we make a complete plan of care. When evaluating our plan of care, we find we have achieved our objectives in two out of the three diagnoses we considered, and on the other one, despite not achieving our objective, the patient’s condition improved. We have decided to make this paper based on a case report for being able to give a clear example of how specific and complex cares –for being a polytraumatized patient- are made. Personally, this paper has been really useful for emphasizing the importance of nursery cares and the great amount of problems which can be avoided by making them correctly.
[EN] Traffic accidents are a problem related to Public Health which cause thousands of victims every year, some of them die immediately, some after an appropriate treatment during the first hour can go back to their homes and some other, despite receiving a good treatment, finally die. To prevent these accidents is the most important action, but while the authorities work on that, health personnel should be prepared to assume the cares which derive from these accidents. Mobile health personnel are essential for patient survival, but once he is at the hospital, they relieve on us the hard work of continuing their task. On this paper, we study a case report of a young patient with a cervical fracture on C2 level and fracture on the left femur. We make an integral evaluation based on Virginia Henderson’s model and found essentially three needs altered: for nutrition, due to vomiting, for mobility and kept of posture, because of complete immobilization on bed and for sleep and rest, because of pain. Once we have found the altered needs, we find the following nursery diagnosis, named from taxonomy NANDA: 00047 Risk of cutaneous integrity’s deterioration, 00025 Risk of liquid volume imbalance and 00132 Acute pain. With the help of NIC and NOC taxonomy we make a complete plan of care. When evaluating our plan of care, we find we have achieved our objectives in two out of the three diagnoses we considered, and on the other one, despite not achieving our objective, the patient’s condition improved. We have decided to make this paper based on a case report for being able to give a clear example of how specific and complex cares –for being a polytraumatized patient- are made. Personally, this paper has been really useful for emphasizing the importance of nursery cares and the great amount of problems which can be avoided by making them correctly.
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