Atención de enfermería en cuidados paliativos no oncológicos en domicilio, a propósito de un caso clínico
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2015-06-24
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES]Los cuidados paliativos son aquellos cuidados que se prestan a pacientes que no responden al tratamiento curativo. El objetivo final de dichos cuidados es alcanzar una mayor calidad de vida no solo para el paciente, sino que la familia también estaría incluida en el proceso de atención. Los pacientes son valorados en todos los ámbitos de sus necesidades, y los cuidados que se les prestan van a ir dirigidos hacia el control de síntomas y el tratamiento espiritual, especialmente. En un paciente que padezca una enfermedad crónica en estado terminal, las necesidades de dependencia aumentan, y por tanto los cuidados requeridos son mayores, el lugar idóneo para realizar el seguimiento, por tanto, en estos casos es desde atención primaria, pues con las visitas domiciliarias los profesionales pueden desarrollan una valoración, y posterior, planificación de cuidados suficientes, adecuados e integrales a cada paciente. La familia es el núcleo del desarrollo y evolución de las enfermedades, de ahí la relevancia del trabajo con las familias. En pacientes en estado de agonía, los sentimientos de frustración y temor están muy presentes, tanto en ellos como en los familiares, el trabajo como enfermera debe de ir dirigido hacia la expresión de dichas emociones y a la enseñanza de actividades para que sientan más confianza en el proceso de atención. Se presenta un paciente de 81 años diagnosticado de Insuficiencia cardiaca crónica IV, Enfermedad de Parkinson, Insuficiencia respiratoria crónica, Hipertensión e Insuficiencia renal leve; que se encuentra el estado de agonía, últimos días de vida. Se elabora un plan de cuidados de enfermería domiciliario, siguiendo el modelo de valoración de Marjory Gordon y las taxonomías NANDA, NOC Y NIC, para la identificación y priorización de necesidades y problemas diagnósticos.
[EN] Palliative care is care provided those patients who do not respond to curative treatment. The ultimate goal of such care is to achieve a higher quality of life not only for the patient but the family also would be included in the care process. Patients are assessed in all areas of their needs, and care provided to them they will be geared towards symptom control and spiritual treatment, especially. In a patient suffering from a chronic end-stage disease, increase dependency needs, and thus the care required age, the ideal place to track therefore in these cases is from primary care, as with the visits home professionals can develop an assessment and subsequent planning of adequate, appropriate and comprehensive care to each patient. The family is the core of the development and evolution of diseases, hence the importance of working with families. In patients in a state of agony, feelings of frustration and fear are very present, both of them as family, work as a nurse should be directed toward the expression of these emotions and teaching activities so that they feel more confident the care process. 81 year old patient diagnosed with chronic IV heart failure, Parkinson's disease, chronic respiratory insufficiency and mild hypertension renal failure occurs; that is the state of agony last days of life. A plan of nursing home care is developed, modeled valuation of Marjory Gordon and the NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomies for the identification and prioritization of needs and diagnoses problems.
[EN] Palliative care is care provided those patients who do not respond to curative treatment. The ultimate goal of such care is to achieve a higher quality of life not only for the patient but the family also would be included in the care process. Patients are assessed in all areas of their needs, and care provided to them they will be geared towards symptom control and spiritual treatment, especially. In a patient suffering from a chronic end-stage disease, increase dependency needs, and thus the care required age, the ideal place to track therefore in these cases is from primary care, as with the visits home professionals can develop an assessment and subsequent planning of adequate, appropriate and comprehensive care to each patient. The family is the core of the development and evolution of diseases, hence the importance of working with families. In patients in a state of agony, feelings of frustration and fear are very present, both of them as family, work as a nurse should be directed toward the expression of these emotions and teaching activities so that they feel more confident the care process. 81 year old patient diagnosed with chronic IV heart failure, Parkinson's disease, chronic respiratory insufficiency and mild hypertension renal failure occurs; that is the state of agony last days of life. A plan of nursing home care is developed, modeled valuation of Marjory Gordon and the NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomies for the identification and prioritization of needs and diagnoses problems.