LA MUTILACIÓN GENITAL FEMENINA DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA ENFERMERA: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
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2017-05-25
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] Según UNICEF la mutilación genital femenina (MGF) afecta a más de 200 millones de niñas y mujeres en 30 países de África, Oriente Medio y Asia. Actualmente, en España residen 58.194 mujeres procedentes de estos países dónde se realizan prácticas tradicionales como la MGF. Para los profesionales de la salud es una realidad desconocida enfrentarse a éstas costumbres culturales diferentes, ocasionando incomprensión e incertidumbre en las prácticas de abordaje tanto para las mujeres como para los profesionales repercutiendo en la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería. El papel de la enfermería en la MGF es fundamental tanto en la prevención y detección de niñas en riesgo como la actuación y cuidados de las complicaciones asociadas. Los objetivos de este trabajo son analizar los conocimientos y prácticas de abordaje de los profesionales sanitarios, así como el uso y la existencia de protocolos específicos de MGF en atención primaria y atención especializada, conocer las perspectivas masculinas sobre MGF y los cuidados de enfermería recomendados durante el embarazo y parto. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica con una cadena específica adaptada a las bases de datos y buscadores: Pubmed, Cinahl, Lilacs, Scopus, Cuiden, Scielo, IME, Cochrane, Google Académico y Junta de Andalucía, obteniendo un total de 26 artículos para su análisis. Además, se han utilizado 7 artículos obtenidos mediante bibliografía inversa siendo un total de 33 artículos. Los resultados muestran el desconocimiento de los hombres involucrados en la MGF, el papel importante de la enfermera en la MGF y el desconocimiento de la mayoría de profesionales debido a que sólo pueden definir la MGF ligeramente y no conocen las características asociadas, complicaciones ni protocolos existentes sobre MGF, afirmando no saber actuar ante un caso de MGF. Además, los protocolos existentes presentan escasa información centrada en los cuidados de enfermería en el área de la atención especializada, es así que los cuidados de enfermería durante el embarazo y parto recomendados sólo se encuentran presentes en la mitad de los protocolos revisados. Dados estos resultados se hace necesario programas de formación a los profesionales para conseguir cuidados culturales de calidad, aumentar el empoderamiento de las mujeres y dar información a los hombres para aumentar su conocimiento sobre las consecuencias en la salud de las mujeres y aumentar la investigación sobre los cuidados de enfermería en la atención especializada y en servicios específicos
[EN] According to UNICEF, female genital mutilation (FGM) affects more than 200 million girls and women in 30 countries of Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Currently, in Spain there are 58,194 women from these countries where traditional practices such as FGM are carried out. For health professionals it is an unknown reality to confront these different cultural customs, causing misunderstanding and uncertainty in the practices of approach for both women and professionals impacting on the quality of nursing care. The role of nursing in FGM is critical in the prevention and detection of risk of performance and care of complications associated in girls. The objectives of this study are to analyze the knowledge and practices of approach of health professionals, as well as the use and existence of specific protocols of FGM in primary care and specialized care, to know the male perspectives on FGM and recommended nursing care during pregnancy and childbirth. A bibliographic review was carried out with a specific chain adapted to the databases and search engines: Pubmed, Cinahl, Lilacs, Scopus, Cuiden, Scielo, IME, Cochrane, Google Academic and Junta de Andalucía, obtaining a total of 26 articles for its analysis. In addition, 7 articles obtained by reverse bibliography have been used, with a total of 33 articles. The results show the lack of knowledge of the men involved in FGM, the important role of the nurse in FGM and the lack of knowledge of the majority of professionals because they only can define FGM slightly and do not know the associated characteristics, complications or protocols on FGM, stating that they do not know how to deal with a case of FGM. In addition, the existing protocols present little information focused on nursing care in the area of specialized care, so that recommended nursing care during pregnancy and delivery is only present in half of the protocols reviewed. Given these results, training programs are needed for professionals to achieve quality cultural care, increase women's empowerment, and provide information to men to increase their awareness of the health consequences of women and to increase research on women’s nursing care in specialized care and in specific services.
[EN] According to UNICEF, female genital mutilation (FGM) affects more than 200 million girls and women in 30 countries of Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Currently, in Spain there are 58,194 women from these countries where traditional practices such as FGM are carried out. For health professionals it is an unknown reality to confront these different cultural customs, causing misunderstanding and uncertainty in the practices of approach for both women and professionals impacting on the quality of nursing care. The role of nursing in FGM is critical in the prevention and detection of risk of performance and care of complications associated in girls. The objectives of this study are to analyze the knowledge and practices of approach of health professionals, as well as the use and existence of specific protocols of FGM in primary care and specialized care, to know the male perspectives on FGM and recommended nursing care during pregnancy and childbirth. A bibliographic review was carried out with a specific chain adapted to the databases and search engines: Pubmed, Cinahl, Lilacs, Scopus, Cuiden, Scielo, IME, Cochrane, Google Academic and Junta de Andalucía, obtaining a total of 26 articles for its analysis. In addition, 7 articles obtained by reverse bibliography have been used, with a total of 33 articles. The results show the lack of knowledge of the men involved in FGM, the important role of the nurse in FGM and the lack of knowledge of the majority of professionals because they only can define FGM slightly and do not know the associated characteristics, complications or protocols on FGM, stating that they do not know how to deal with a case of FGM. In addition, the existing protocols present little information focused on nursing care in the area of specialized care, so that recommended nursing care during pregnancy and delivery is only present in half of the protocols reviewed. Given these results, training programs are needed for professionals to achieve quality cultural care, increase women's empowerment, and provide information to men to increase their awareness of the health consequences of women and to increase research on women’s nursing care in specialized care and in specific services.
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