Importancia de la nutrición en el paciente pediátrico oncológico.
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2017-05-20
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] Introducción: El cáncer infantil es la segunda causa de muerte en niños/as. La desnutrición es el efecto secundario
más frecuente de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: El objetivo principal es analizar la importancia de la nutrición en los
pacientes pediátricos oncológicos. Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica, buscando en 6 bases de
datos, además de una búsqueda inversa, obteniendo un total de 23 artículos. Resultados: Diferentes estudios
concluyen que estos/as niños/as ven comprometida su alimentación, respecto al consumo de calorías y proteínas,
esto da lugar a una disminución de la tolerancia al tratamiento, mayores tasas de infección…. Las principales causas
por las que estos niños/as evitan la comida son: náuseas, vómitos, mucositis, etc. Esto da lugar a la necesidad de
emplear diferentes métodos para favorecer la alimentación. Conclusión: Es primordial que el personal de enfermería
sepa valorar y diagnosticar las necesidades nutricionales de estos/as, siendo agentes claves de detección.
[EN] Introduction: Childhood cancer is the second leading cause of death in children. Malnutrition is the most frequent side effect of this disease. Objective: The main objective is to analyze the importance of nutrition in pediatric oncology patients. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out, searching in 6 databases, in addition to a reverse search, obtaining a total of 23 articles. Results: Different studies conclude that these children are compromised their diet, in relation to the consumption of calories and proteins, this results in a decrease in tolerance to treatment, higher infection rates .... The main causes for these children to avoid food are: nausea, vomiting, mucositis, etc. This gives rise to the need to use different methods to favor feeding. Conclusion: It is essential that nurses know how to assess and diagnose the nutritional needs of these, being key agents of detection.
[EN] Introduction: Childhood cancer is the second leading cause of death in children. Malnutrition is the most frequent side effect of this disease. Objective: The main objective is to analyze the importance of nutrition in pediatric oncology patients. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out, searching in 6 databases, in addition to a reverse search, obtaining a total of 23 articles. Results: Different studies conclude that these children are compromised their diet, in relation to the consumption of calories and proteins, this results in a decrease in tolerance to treatment, higher infection rates .... The main causes for these children to avoid food are: nausea, vomiting, mucositis, etc. This gives rise to the need to use different methods to favor feeding. Conclusion: It is essential that nurses know how to assess and diagnose the nutritional needs of these, being key agents of detection.
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