El secreto profesional en el personal de enfermería: revisión bibliográfica y estudio descriptivo
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2015-06-24
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES]Introducción: El secreto profesional (SP) se define como el deber ético, legal y deontológico de custodiar toda la información que obtengamos en el ejercicio de nuestra profesión. Su ruptura produciría un atentado contra la dignidad, intimidad, privacidad y libertad del paciente. Además, este concepto se extiende hasta después de la muerte porque nuestro deber profesional sanitario es respetar el recuerdo de nuestro paciente, su dignidad y la de su familia. Objetivo: Indagar en el conocimiento del concepto de SP en la práctica diaria de Enfermería y estudiar el grado de cumplimiento de este deber en el Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén (CHJ), así como identificar el nivel de conocimientos que poseen los profesionales de Enfermería que trabajan en él y plantear medidas correctoras. Material y método: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos electrónicas. 24.813 títulos y resúmenes fueron recuperados, obteniendo y revisando el texto completo de 32 artículos que finalmente fueron incluidos por contener los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo un estudio descriptivo mediante la entrega de un cuestionario a 50 profesionales de Enfermería del CHJ para su autocumplimentación. Se realiza el análisis estadístico mediante el programa SSPS 15.0. Resultados: En la realización de nuestro estudio contestó el 100% de la muestra elegida aleatoriamente. El 80% son mujeres. La edad media de la muestra es de 47,78 años. El 76% de los encuestados afirma revelar información relacionada con el paciente, aunque más del 50% del personal de Enfermería conoce los conceptos de SP, confidencialidad e intimidad. Estos datos se corresponden, en general, con los resultados de la revisión bibliográfica. Conclusiones: Enfermería en su actividad asistencial quebranta el derecho a la confidencialidad de los usuarios de la salud. Esto es debido al déficit de conocimientos relacionados con la regulación legal y bioética y consecuencias del incumplimiento del deber del SP. Por lo tanto, es necesario aumentar la formación ética de estos profesionales, así como ampliar la investigación sobre estas cuestiones para mejorar la calidad de nuestros cuidados.
[EN] Introduction: Professional secrecy (PS) is an ethical, legal and deontological code of practice which must be practiced to protect all the information obtained during the exercise of the profession. Breaking this code would produce an attack on the dignity, privacy and freedom of the patient. Moreover, it shall be applied even after death of the convalescent as our professional duty is to respect the memory of our patients. Objectives: The objective of this work is to carry out an investigation of the grade of knowledge of SP concepts in daily nursing practice as well as the degree of fulfillment of this obligation in Jaén Clinic Hospital (JCH). Additionally, several corrective methods will be proposed. Methodology: An exhaustive research was done over different electronic data bases. 24 813 papers were found. This study is based on 32 of these articles which matched the inclusion criteria. Latter, a descriptive study was done by the realization of a questionnaire by 50 nurses who work at JCH. The results were analyzed by the SSPS 15.0 software. Results: The questionnaire was answered by the totality of the 50 nurses asked. The 80% were women. The average of their age is 47.78 years. The results of this study reveal that 76% of respondents claim to reveal information related to the patient, although more than 50 % of nurses know the concept of SP, confidentiality and privacy. These results are in concordance with those extracted from the literature review. Conclusions: Nurses in their daily work violate the right to confidentiality of the hospital users. This is consequence of the lack of related regulation and disciplinary actions derived from the breaking of PS. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the ethical training of these professionals, as well as expand research on these issues to improve the quality of our health system.
[EN] Introduction: Professional secrecy (PS) is an ethical, legal and deontological code of practice which must be practiced to protect all the information obtained during the exercise of the profession. Breaking this code would produce an attack on the dignity, privacy and freedom of the patient. Moreover, it shall be applied even after death of the convalescent as our professional duty is to respect the memory of our patients. Objectives: The objective of this work is to carry out an investigation of the grade of knowledge of SP concepts in daily nursing practice as well as the degree of fulfillment of this obligation in Jaén Clinic Hospital (JCH). Additionally, several corrective methods will be proposed. Methodology: An exhaustive research was done over different electronic data bases. 24 813 papers were found. This study is based on 32 of these articles which matched the inclusion criteria. Latter, a descriptive study was done by the realization of a questionnaire by 50 nurses who work at JCH. The results were analyzed by the SSPS 15.0 software. Results: The questionnaire was answered by the totality of the 50 nurses asked. The 80% were women. The average of their age is 47.78 years. The results of this study reveal that 76% of respondents claim to reveal information related to the patient, although more than 50 % of nurses know the concept of SP, confidentiality and privacy. These results are in concordance with those extracted from the literature review. Conclusions: Nurses in their daily work violate the right to confidentiality of the hospital users. This is consequence of the lack of related regulation and disciplinary actions derived from the breaking of PS. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the ethical training of these professionals, as well as expand research on these issues to improve the quality of our health system.