Enfermería y cuidados paliativos. Un estudio descriptivo en atención primaria.
Fecha
2016-07-21
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) adoptó en 1990, la definición propuesta por la Asociación Europea de Cuidados Paliativos: “cuidado total activo de los pacientes cuya enfermedad no responde a tratamiento curativo”. La Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía, en el Proceso Asistencial Integrado sobre cuidados paliativos, del año 2007 nos informa del alcance de los cuidados paliativos, encontrando que los profesionales de atención primaria, en especial Enfermería, son unos de los agentes más importantes en este tipo de cuidados. En este trabajo de investigación presentamos un estudio observacional y descriptivo, cuyo objetivo es analizar el conocimiento sobre cuidados paliativos de enfermeras/os de Atención Primaria, en distintos distritos sanitarios de la provincia de Jaén. Se analizaron 87 sujetos, a través de un cuestionario autoadministrado, perdiendo 13 sujetos de estudio. Posteriormente los resultados se sometieron a un análisis estadístico utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS 21.0. En cuanto a las variables del estudio se identificaron 4 independientes: Edad, Género, Año de titulación y Años totales trabajados en Atención Primaria (AP); y 7 variables dependientes que hacen referencia a las preguntas del cuestionario: Experiencia, Formación, Conocimiento Legal, Autonomía, Conceptos y Escalas, Respuesta y Responsabilidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una significación estadística entre los años trabajados y la preparación para atender y, controlar también, los cuidados del paciente terminal y su familia. Nos encontramos, de igual manera, con una diferencia de género que habría que estudiar en un futuro. Como conclusiones, consideramos que se requiere de un mayor número de estudios de este tipo, con el objetivo de obtener información real y auténtica sobre la situación actual en este ámbito de los cuidados; también, que la formación universitaria de nuestros profesionales de Enfermería en materia de cuidados paliativos debe ser excelente y más que suficiente para poder atender las necesidades de este tipo de personas y, por último, que la solución para la falta de autonomía detectada entre las /los profesionales partícipes de este estudio pasa por: una adecuada y obligada formación universitaria en materia de cuidados paliativos, el desempeño de los cuidados de Enfermería de forma excelente, un nuevo reparto de responsabilidades dentro del equipo asistencial, en el que las decisiones de la/el profesional de Enfermería tengan más peso y, también, por una adecuada formación continuada en materia de cuidados paliativos.
[EN] The World Health Organization (WHO) adopted in 1990, the definition proposed by the European Association of Palliative Care "total asset care of patients whose disease does not respond to curative treatment." The Ministry of Health of the Government of Andalusia, in the 2007 Integrated Healthcare Process of Palliative Care, informs us about the scope of palliative care, finding that primary care professionals, especially nurses, are one of the most important agents in this type of care. In this Project, We present an observational and descriptive study whose purpose is to analyze the Primary Care nurses knowledge about palliative care in several health districts in the province of Jaen. 87 subjects were analyzed through a self-administered questionnaire, losing 13 study subjects. Subsequently the results were submitted to a statistical analysis using SPSS 21.0. Regarding the study variables, 4 independent were identified: Age, Gender, Year of graduation, and Total years worked in primary care. Furthermore, 7 dependent variables that refer to the questionnaire were also detected: Experience, Training, Legal Knowledge, Autonomy, Concepts and scales, Response and Responsibility. The results show a statistical significance between years worked and the preparation to attend and control the terminal patient and her/his family care. We also find ourselves with a gender difference, which should be studied in the future. In conclusion, we believe that more studies of this type were requiered in order to obtain a real and an authentic information of the current situation in this area of care. In addition, we also think that our nursing proffesionals university training in palliative care should be excellent and more tan enough so as to meet de needs of such people. Finally, we believe that the solution to the lack of autonomy we detected between the profesional participants of this study goes through: an adequate and required university training in palliative care, the excellently nursing care performance, a new distribuition of responsibilities within the health care team in which nursing proffesionals decisions have more weight and by last, a suitable ongoing training in palliative care.
[EN] The World Health Organization (WHO) adopted in 1990, the definition proposed by the European Association of Palliative Care "total asset care of patients whose disease does not respond to curative treatment." The Ministry of Health of the Government of Andalusia, in the 2007 Integrated Healthcare Process of Palliative Care, informs us about the scope of palliative care, finding that primary care professionals, especially nurses, are one of the most important agents in this type of care. In this Project, We present an observational and descriptive study whose purpose is to analyze the Primary Care nurses knowledge about palliative care in several health districts in the province of Jaen. 87 subjects were analyzed through a self-administered questionnaire, losing 13 study subjects. Subsequently the results were submitted to a statistical analysis using SPSS 21.0. Regarding the study variables, 4 independent were identified: Age, Gender, Year of graduation, and Total years worked in primary care. Furthermore, 7 dependent variables that refer to the questionnaire were also detected: Experience, Training, Legal Knowledge, Autonomy, Concepts and scales, Response and Responsibility. The results show a statistical significance between years worked and the preparation to attend and control the terminal patient and her/his family care. We also find ourselves with a gender difference, which should be studied in the future. In conclusion, we believe that more studies of this type were requiered in order to obtain a real and an authentic information of the current situation in this area of care. In addition, we also think that our nursing proffesionals university training in palliative care should be excellent and more tan enough so as to meet de needs of such people. Finally, we believe that the solution to the lack of autonomy we detected between the profesional participants of this study goes through: an adequate and required university training in palliative care, the excellently nursing care performance, a new distribuition of responsibilities within the health care team in which nursing proffesionals decisions have more weight and by last, a suitable ongoing training in palliative care.