Repercusión de la episiotomía en las relaciones sexuales postparto
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2015-06-24
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]La episiotomía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos más habituales y a pesar de haber disminuido la tasa de realización en España en los últimos años, actualmente supera el 30% máximo recomendado por la OMS. Además existe un aumento de disfunciones sexuales en el periodo postparto. Por ello, con esta revisión bibliográfica se pretende identificar la repercusión de la episiotomía sobre las relaciones sexuales postparto y la aparición de disfunciones sexuales. Para la selección de artículos se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Cuiden Plus, PubMed, IME, Cochrane Plus, CINAHL, ENFISPO, LILACS y Google Académico con las palabras clave episiotomía, sexualidad y dispareunia en español y episiotomy, sexuality, sexual behavior, dyspareunia y coitus en inglés, utilizándose finalmente 17 artículos. Se ha encontrado que la episiotomía puede ser un factor de riesgo de dispareunia postparto a corto plazo (hasta los 3 meses después del parto) pero existe poca evidencia de ello a largo plazo (6 meses o más después del parto). El aumento del tiempo para reanudar las relaciones sexuales podría estar relacionado con la episiotomía. Tras una episiotomía, la lubricación y satisfacción parecen disminuir a largo plazo, y a largo y corto plazo respectivamente; en cambio existe mayor controversia en la disminución de deseo, excitación y orgasmo. Se debe disminuir el número de episiotomías realizadas para mejorar la vida sexual de la mujer y su calidad de vida, además de seguir investigando para poder alcanzar evidencia científica acerca de este tema.
[EN] Episiotomy is one of the most common surgical procedures, but despite having decreased the rate of realization in Spain in the last years, currently it exceeds 30% of recommended maximum by the WHO. Furthermore, there is also an increase in sexual dysfunctions in the postpartum period. Therefore, this literature review pretends to identify the effects of episiotomy on postpartum sexual relationships and sexual dysfunctions. To select the articles, a bibliographic search was performed using the Cuiden Plus, PubMed, IME, Cochrane, CINAHL, ENFISPO, LILACS and Scholar Google databases with keywords episiotomía, sexualidad and dispareunia in Spanish and episiotomy, sexuality, sexual behavior, dyspareunia and coitus in English, being used finally 17 articles. It has been found that episiotomy may be a risk factor for postpartum dyspareunia short-term (up to three months after delivery) but there is little evidence of this in the long term (6 months or more after delivery). The increasing time to resume sexual relationships seems to be related to episiotomy. After an episiotomy, lubrication and satisfaction seems to decrease long-term and long and short term respectively; however most controversy exists in the reduction of desire, arousal and orgasm. It should be decreased the number of episiotomies performed to improve the sex life of women and their quality of life, as well as keep researching to achieve scientific evidence on this subject
[EN] Episiotomy is one of the most common surgical procedures, but despite having decreased the rate of realization in Spain in the last years, currently it exceeds 30% of recommended maximum by the WHO. Furthermore, there is also an increase in sexual dysfunctions in the postpartum period. Therefore, this literature review pretends to identify the effects of episiotomy on postpartum sexual relationships and sexual dysfunctions. To select the articles, a bibliographic search was performed using the Cuiden Plus, PubMed, IME, Cochrane, CINAHL, ENFISPO, LILACS and Scholar Google databases with keywords episiotomía, sexualidad and dispareunia in Spanish and episiotomy, sexuality, sexual behavior, dyspareunia and coitus in English, being used finally 17 articles. It has been found that episiotomy may be a risk factor for postpartum dyspareunia short-term (up to three months after delivery) but there is little evidence of this in the long term (6 months or more after delivery). The increasing time to resume sexual relationships seems to be related to episiotomy. After an episiotomy, lubrication and satisfaction seems to decrease long-term and long and short term respectively; however most controversy exists in the reduction of desire, arousal and orgasm. It should be decreased the number of episiotomies performed to improve the sex life of women and their quality of life, as well as keep researching to achieve scientific evidence on this subject
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