Efectividad de las intervenciones web y Aplicaciones móviles en personas con obesidad y sobrepeso: una revisión sistemática
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2016-06-17
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] La obesidad y el sobrepeso han sido catalogadas como la nueva epidemia del siglo
XXI. Es un problema mundial que cada año aumenta su número de víctimas. Desde
organismos internacionales, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de creación de
nuevas intervenciones en salud que frenen esta situación ascendente. Como
respuesta a este reto, el avance de las tecnologías y la cobertura mundial de Internet
hace obligatorio investigar las intervenciones tecnológicas en salud como posible
solución. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar la efectividad de las intervenciones
basadas en aplicaciones móviles y portales web para la pérdida de peso en
personas con obesidad y sobrepeso. Hemos realizado una revisión sistemática en
bases de datos internacionales y nacionales que relacionasen intervenciones de
páginas web y aplicaciones móviles en pacientes con obesidad y sobrepeso,
vinculadas a la disminución de parámetros ponderales. El resultado han sido catorce
ensayos clínicos, de los cuales trece eran ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y uno no
aleatorizado. Tras el análisis con conteo de votos y la interpretación de los datos, se
muestra un sentido de asociación en todas las variables que indica un posible
beneficio. Sin embargo, tras aplicar el test del signo en todas las parejas de
variables, no es posible llegar a conclusiones precisas. No obstante, esta revisión
muestra que las intervenciones basadas en una aplicación de móvil o en una
aplicación móvil más un portal web pueden tener efectos beneficiosos para la
disminución de peso en personas con obesidad y sobrepeso aunque para la
disminución del IMC y grasa corporal no se han encontrado resultados concluyentes,
si bien nuestros resultados apuntan a que es posible que las intervenciones basadas
en portales web parece que podrían tener un efecto beneficioso. Con estas
conclusiones abrimos una puerta a la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías para el
tratamiento de un importante problema de salud comunitaria como es la obesidad y
aportamos algunas claves para futuras investigaciones sobre el tema.
[EN] Obesity and overweight has been considered as the new epidemic of the twenty-first century. It is a global problem that is increasing every year its number of victims. From international organizations, it has brought to light the need of design new health interventions in order to stop this rising situation. In answer to this challenge, the advance in technology and the global range of Internet must give a possible solution to this problem. The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of web and applications based interventions for losing weight in obese and overweight people. We have carried out a systematic review in international and national data bases that relate web page and app based interventions in obese and overweight patients involving a decreased in weight related parameters. The result was fourteen controlled trials, of which thirteen were randomized clinical trials and one of them was no randomized clinical trial. After analyzing the results with counting votes and the data interpretation, it is shown a negative sense of association in all variables that points out a possible benefit. Nevertheless, this review shows that applications based interventions or web plus web based interventions could be beneficial for losing weight in obesity and overweight people although we have not found conclusive results in decreasing BMI and body fat even though it’s true that web based interventions could have a possible benefit. With these conclusions, open the door to the use of new technologies in treatment of a big community health problem as it is obesity and we provide some keys to further investigations.
[EN] Obesity and overweight has been considered as the new epidemic of the twenty-first century. It is a global problem that is increasing every year its number of victims. From international organizations, it has brought to light the need of design new health interventions in order to stop this rising situation. In answer to this challenge, the advance in technology and the global range of Internet must give a possible solution to this problem. The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of web and applications based interventions for losing weight in obese and overweight people. We have carried out a systematic review in international and national data bases that relate web page and app based interventions in obese and overweight patients involving a decreased in weight related parameters. The result was fourteen controlled trials, of which thirteen were randomized clinical trials and one of them was no randomized clinical trial. After analyzing the results with counting votes and the data interpretation, it is shown a negative sense of association in all variables that points out a possible benefit. Nevertheless, this review shows that applications based interventions or web plus web based interventions could be beneficial for losing weight in obesity and overweight people although we have not found conclusive results in decreasing BMI and body fat even though it’s true that web based interventions could have a possible benefit. With these conclusions, open the door to the use of new technologies in treatment of a big community health problem as it is obesity and we provide some keys to further investigations.