Eficacia del tratamiento no farmacológico en pacientes con fibromialgia. Revisión narrativa
Fecha
2016-07-21
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES]Introducción: Estamos ante un grupo de población cuya patología sigue siendo
un interrogante. Se trata de una enfermedad de importante magnitud, debido no
solo a la sintomatología que le acompaña, sino por la afectación global que
genera en los pacientes que la padecen, principalmente en su calidad de vida.
Por esto es esencial que el personal de enfermería conozca cómo tratar esta
enfermedad, para conseguir el máximo bienestar de los pacientes con
fibromialgia. Para un adecuado abordaje de la enfermedad, es esencial dominar
su tratamiento, tanto farmacológico como aquellas terapias complementarias que
pueden beneficiarles, como es el ejercicio terrestre, el ejercicio en el medio
acuático y la acupuntura. Objetivo: El presente trabajo se aborda con el objetivo
de conocer las principales medidas no farmacológicas que mejoran la calidad de
vida y potencian la autonomía de los pacientes con fibromialgia. Metodología:
Se ha realizado una revisión narrativa de la bibliografía existente en las bases de
datos como son Cluiden Plus, Cochrane, Google Scholar y PudMed. Con
publicaciones comprendidas entre el 2006-2016 y estudios fuera de rango pero
con relevancia para el estudio, a texto completo, en español e inglés, incluyendo
aquellos encontrados por búsqueda inversa. Resultados: Se han obtenido y
analizado un total de 40 estudios relacionados directamente con el tema que nos
aborda, incluyendo aquellos obtenidos por búsqueda inversa. Conclusiones:
Hay estudios suficientes que avalan la eficacia de la realización del ejercicio
tanto en el medio terrestre, como en el medio acuático. Sin embargo se considera
más efectivo que ejercicio físico terrestre de baja intensidad, seguido del
ejercicio en el medio acuático y finalmente la realización de la acupuntura,
aunque para esta última terapia, sería necesario aumentar su estudio para
descubrir si los beneficios se mantienen a largo plazo.
[EN] Introduction: We are facing a population group whose aetiology is unanswered question. It is a disease with important magnitude, due to not only to the symptoms, but by the global involvement generated in patients who suffer mainly in their quality of life. Therefore it is essential that nurses know how to treat this disease, to get the maximum welfare of patients with fibromyalgia. For proper approach to the disease, it is essential to have a good command of their treatment, both pharmacological and those complementary therapies that can benefit, as is the land exercise, exercise in the aquatic environment and acupuncture. Objective: This work aims to know the main nonpharmacological which improve the quality of life and strengthen the autonomy of patients with fibromyalgia. Methodology: We have done a narrative review in databases such as Cuiden Plus, Cochrane, Google Scholar and PubMed. With publications between the 2006-2016 and studies out of range but with relevance, full text in Spanish and English, including those found by reverse lookup. Results: We have got and analyzed a total of 40 studies related to the fibromyalgia, including those obtained by reserve lookup. Conclusions: There are enough studies which support the effectiveness of exercise in land and in the aquatic environment. However the land exercise of low intensity is the exercise more effective, followed by exercise in the aquatic environment and finally performing acupuncture, although the latter therapy need to increase their studies to find out whether the benefits are maintained long term.
[EN] Introduction: We are facing a population group whose aetiology is unanswered question. It is a disease with important magnitude, due to not only to the symptoms, but by the global involvement generated in patients who suffer mainly in their quality of life. Therefore it is essential that nurses know how to treat this disease, to get the maximum welfare of patients with fibromyalgia. For proper approach to the disease, it is essential to have a good command of their treatment, both pharmacological and those complementary therapies that can benefit, as is the land exercise, exercise in the aquatic environment and acupuncture. Objective: This work aims to know the main nonpharmacological which improve the quality of life and strengthen the autonomy of patients with fibromyalgia. Methodology: We have done a narrative review in databases such as Cuiden Plus, Cochrane, Google Scholar and PubMed. With publications between the 2006-2016 and studies out of range but with relevance, full text in Spanish and English, including those found by reverse lookup. Results: We have got and analyzed a total of 40 studies related to the fibromyalgia, including those obtained by reserve lookup. Conclusions: There are enough studies which support the effectiveness of exercise in land and in the aquatic environment. However the land exercise of low intensity is the exercise more effective, followed by exercise in the aquatic environment and finally performing acupuncture, although the latter therapy need to increase their studies to find out whether the benefits are maintained long term.