Neurofisiología y psicofarmacología de los trastornos del estado de ánimo y su aplicabilidad en la depresión
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2015-06-24
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] La salud mental incluye nuestro bienestar emocional, psíquico y social. (Según la OMS: 1948). Interviene en la forma de cómo pensamos, sentimos y actuamos cuando interaccionamos con la vida. Así mismo, determina cómo manejamos el estrés, nos relacionamos con otras personas y tomamos decisiones. La salud mental es de especial relevancia en todas las etapas de la vida, desde la niñez y la adolescencia hasta la edad adulta. Las enfermedades mentales son condiciones graves que pueden afectar la manera de pensar, su humor y su comportamiento. Las causas tienen diferentes factores y determinantes. Sus genes y su historia familiar pueden jugar un papel, como así también sus experiencias de vida como el estrés o una historia de abuso. Otras causas pueden ser biológicas. Los trastornos mentales son comunes, pero existen tratamientos disponibles. Algunas personas se sienten tristes o irritables de vez en cuando y pueden decir que están de mal humor. Los trastornos del estado de ánimo son diferentes porque afectan a diario el estado emocional de la persona. Aproximadamente, una de cada 10 personas mayores de 18 años, tiene un trastorno del estado de ánimo. Estos trastornos incluyen depresión y trastorno bipolar (también conocido como trastorno maníaco depresivo.) Los trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden incrementar los riesgos de enfermedades del corazón, diabetes y otras enfermedades en una persona. Los tratamientos son una combinación de terapias psicológicas y tratamiento farmacológico. Con un tratamiento adecuado al paciente, éste puede vivir una vida plena como cualquier otra persona Por eso, el presente trabajo se centra en estudiar cómo se producen esas enfermedades mentales y en concreto los trastornos del estado de ánimo. Y para saber su fisiología, me centro en los llamados neurotransmisores, en los principales que intervienen en estas patologías. La noradrenalina y la serotonina son los dos neurotransmisores más implicados en la fisiopatología de los Trastornos Depresivos.Casi todos los tratamientos antidepresivos somáticos, que se han evaluado, están relacionados con un descenso en la sensibilidad de los receptores postsinápticos. Además de la noradrenalina, serotonina y dopamina, algunas evidencias indican que existen anormalidades en la regulación de acetilcolina.
[EN] Mental health includes our emotional, mental, and social well-being. Affects the way we think, feel and act when dealing with life. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate with other people and make decisions. Mental health is important at all stages of life, from childhood and adolescence to adulthood. Mental illnesses are serious conditions that can affect thinking, his humor and his behavior. There are many causes of mental illness. Their genes and family history can play a role, as well as their life experiences like stress or a history of abuse. Other causes may be biological. Mental disorders are common, but there are treatments available. Some people feel sad or irritable from time to time and can say that they are in a bad mood. Mood disorders are different because they affect the emotional state of the person on a daily basis. Approximately one in 10 people over the age of 18, have a mood disorder. These disorders include depression and bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression). Mood disorders can increase the risk of diseases of the heart, diabetes and other diseases in a person. Treatments include medication, psychotherapy or combination of the two. The majority of people with mood disorders can lead productive lives with proper treatment. For this reason, this work focuses on studying how these diseases mental and mood disorders occur. And to know their physiology, I focus on the so-called neurotransmitters, in the main involved in these pathologies. Norepinephrine and serotonin are two neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Almost all treatments antidepressants somatic, that have been evaluated, are related to a decrease in the sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors. In addition to norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine, some evidence suggests that there are abnormalities in the regulation of acetylcholine.
[EN] Mental health includes our emotional, mental, and social well-being. Affects the way we think, feel and act when dealing with life. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate with other people and make decisions. Mental health is important at all stages of life, from childhood and adolescence to adulthood. Mental illnesses are serious conditions that can affect thinking, his humor and his behavior. There are many causes of mental illness. Their genes and family history can play a role, as well as their life experiences like stress or a history of abuse. Other causes may be biological. Mental disorders are common, but there are treatments available. Some people feel sad or irritable from time to time and can say that they are in a bad mood. Mood disorders are different because they affect the emotional state of the person on a daily basis. Approximately one in 10 people over the age of 18, have a mood disorder. These disorders include depression and bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression). Mood disorders can increase the risk of diseases of the heart, diabetes and other diseases in a person. Treatments include medication, psychotherapy or combination of the two. The majority of people with mood disorders can lead productive lives with proper treatment. For this reason, this work focuses on studying how these diseases mental and mood disorders occur. And to know their physiology, I focus on the so-called neurotransmitters, in the main involved in these pathologies. Norepinephrine and serotonin are two neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Almost all treatments antidepressants somatic, that have been evaluated, are related to a decrease in the sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors. In addition to norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine, some evidence suggests that there are abnormalities in the regulation of acetylcholine.