Funciones ejecutivas: Una integración sobre la base del modelo de Miyake y colabordores (2000).
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Fecha
2016-06-09
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
El
propósito
de
este
trabajo
es
profundizar
en
el
ámbito
de
las
funciones
ejecutivas.
Para
ello,
primero
se
revisan
distintas
concepciones
y
perspectivas
teóricas
haciendo
hincapié
en
el
paradigma
unidad/diversidad.
Se
ofrece
una
breve
descripción
de
su
desarrollo
a
lo
largo
de
niñez
(especialmente
en
la
etapa
anterior
a
los
3
años
y
la
que
transcurre
entre
los
3
y
los
5
años).
Así
mismo,
se
reconocerá
que
sus
bases
neurales
no
se
limitan
al
lóbulo
prefrontal,
como
suele
creerse,
sobre
la
base
de
dos
métodos
diferentes
de
análisis
de
neuroimagen
funcional:
el
procedimiento
de
sustracción
y
el
procedimiento
de
conjunción.
Por
último,
se
intenta
establecer
una
conexión
con
la
Psicología
Clínica
revisando
brevemente
los
déficits
en
funciones
ejecutivas
identificados
en
algunos
trastornos
psicológicos.
En
concreto,
se
relacionan
las
deficiencias
cognitivas
de
la
esquizofrenia,
el
trastorno
bipolar
y
el
trastorno
límite
de
personalidad.
The purpose of this work is to deepen the scope of executive functions. In order to do this, firstly, different concepts and theoretical perspectives are to be reviewed, emphasizing on the unity / diversity framework. We offer a brief description of its development throughout childhood (especially in the earlier stage at 3 years and which elapses between 3 and 5 years). Besides, we will prove that their neural basis are not limited to the prefrontal lobe, as it is commonly believed, on the basis of two different methods of analysis of functional neuroimaging: the subtractive and conjunction paradigms. Finally, there is a try to establish a connection with the Clinical Psychology, by briefly reviewing deficits in executive functions which are identified in some psychological disorders. In particular, we will try to connect cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder.
The purpose of this work is to deepen the scope of executive functions. In order to do this, firstly, different concepts and theoretical perspectives are to be reviewed, emphasizing on the unity / diversity framework. We offer a brief description of its development throughout childhood (especially in the earlier stage at 3 years and which elapses between 3 and 5 years). Besides, we will prove that their neural basis are not limited to the prefrontal lobe, as it is commonly believed, on the basis of two different methods of analysis of functional neuroimaging: the subtractive and conjunction paradigms. Finally, there is a try to establish a connection with the Clinical Psychology, by briefly reviewing deficits in executive functions which are identified in some psychological disorders. In particular, we will try to connect cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder.