LA CULTURA EN PRIMATES
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2023-01-12
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(ES) La cultura se ha definido como un conjunto de comportamientos transmitidos
socialmente. Atendiendo a esta definición algunos autores han encontrado evidencias de
cultura en diferentes especies de primates. Esto ha supuesto un cambio en la forma de ver a
estos animales, pues hasta ahora se consideraba que la cultura era una característica única del
ser humano y han sido múltiples los estudios realizados para descubrir más acerca de las
expresiones culturales en primates. En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de
estudios que abarcan diferentes aspectos de la cultura en distintas especies de primates, pero
sobre todo en simios. Entre los resultados encontramos evidencias de la existencia de un sesgo
conformista en chimpancés y de cómo se produce la transmisión cultural entre los miembros
del grupo. Por último, el descubrimiento más importante de este trabajo reside en que se han
encontrado diferencias significativas entre los chimpancés hembras y machos, siendo las
primeras más hábiles en el uso de herramientas y presentando más variabilidad de
comportamientos.
(EN) Culture has been defined as a set of socially transmitted behaviors. Following this definition, some authors have found evidence of culture in different species of primates. This has meant a change in the way of seeing these animals, because until now it has been improved that culture was a unique characteristic of the human being and multiple studies have been carried out to discover more about cultural expressions in primates. In this work, a bibliographic review of studies that cover different aspects of culture in different primate species, but especially in apes, has been carried out. Among the results we find evidence of the existence of a conformist bias in chimpanzees and how cultural transmission occurs between group members. Finally, the most important discovery of this work is that significant differences have been found between female and male chimpanzees, the former being more skilled in the use of tools.
(EN) Culture has been defined as a set of socially transmitted behaviors. Following this definition, some authors have found evidence of culture in different species of primates. This has meant a change in the way of seeing these animals, because until now it has been improved that culture was a unique characteristic of the human being and multiple studies have been carried out to discover more about cultural expressions in primates. In this work, a bibliographic review of studies that cover different aspects of culture in different primate species, but especially in apes, has been carried out. Among the results we find evidence of the existence of a conformist bias in chimpanzees and how cultural transmission occurs between group members. Finally, the most important discovery of this work is that significant differences have been found between female and male chimpanzees, the former being more skilled in the use of tools.