Efecto modulador del estrés sobre los ritmos sueño/vigilia
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2016-07-14
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se revisan las publicaciones existentes acerca del papel que desempeña el estrés en
determinados trastornos del sueño. Dichas publicaciones parecen poner de manifiesto que el estrés
influye en el sueño a través de la activación del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal (HHA), y la liberación
consecuente de hormonas como el cortisol, lo que ocasiona en el organismo un estado de activación,
incompatible con el sueño. A su vez, la activación del HHA altera la secreción de hormonas encargadas
de regular los ritmos sueño/vigilia, dando lugar a la desincronización de los ritmos circadianos. El
estrés también modula los ciclos sueño-vigilia a través de la alteración de otros sistemas como el
sistema inmune. En el presente trabajo se mencionan los principales tratamientos para afrontar los
problemas de sueño ocasionados por el estrés, todos los tratamientos parten de una buena higiene
del sueño combinada con un tratamiento farmacológico o psicológico.
In this work the existing publications about the role of stress in some of the sleep disoders are reviewed. These publications seem to show that the stress influences sleep through the activation of the adrenal hypothalamic-pituitary-axis (HPA) and the consequent release of hormones such as cortisol that results in a state of activation of the organism, incompatible with sleep. At the same time, the activation of HPA axis alters the secretion of hormones that regulate sleep/wake rhythms such as melatonin, which causes desynchronization of circadian ryhthms. Other published studies also indicate that stress regulates the sleep-wake cycles through the alteration of other systems, such as the inmune system. In this work, the main treatments for the sleep disturbances caused primarily by the stress are also mentioned. They start from the establishment of good sleep hygiene. The psychological therapy, the pharmacological treatment, or a combination of both, are necessary in most cases.
In this work the existing publications about the role of stress in some of the sleep disoders are reviewed. These publications seem to show that the stress influences sleep through the activation of the adrenal hypothalamic-pituitary-axis (HPA) and the consequent release of hormones such as cortisol that results in a state of activation of the organism, incompatible with sleep. At the same time, the activation of HPA axis alters the secretion of hormones that regulate sleep/wake rhythms such as melatonin, which causes desynchronization of circadian ryhthms. Other published studies also indicate that stress regulates the sleep-wake cycles through the alteration of other systems, such as the inmune system. In this work, the main treatments for the sleep disturbances caused primarily by the stress are also mentioned. They start from the establishment of good sleep hygiene. The psychological therapy, the pharmacological treatment, or a combination of both, are necessary in most cases.